in the present study, 360 male day-old broiler chicks were used to determine the effect of mixed livevaccines of newcastle disease (nd) and infectious bronchitis (ib) on serum and local antibody responses toib. chicks were randomly divided into 12 treatment groups of 3 replicates and reared for 40 days on floorpens. groups 1 to 5 received mixed nd and ib vaccine. groups 7 to 11 received ib vacc...

introduction: regarding the cross contamina-tion, prevention from infection is of high prior ity. the aim of this research was assessment of knowledge and attitude of dental students toward infection control in endodontics depart ment of faculty of dentistry, babol uni versity of medi cal sciences. materials and methods: the study was accom plished among 8th, 10th and 12th grade dental students...

infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) infects young chickens and causes serious lose to the poultry industry, worldwide. previous attempts using purified bacterially expressed ibdv vp2 failed to elicit a protective immune response to the virus. this study was designed to investigate if the initial expressed protein contained neutralizing epitopes but became nonfunctional during purification st...

the main purpose of this paper has been to discuss the effects of psychological stress and other environmental factors on incidence of diseases. we were specifically concerned with stress that increased susceptibility of uninfected hosts when exposed to infection. if such stresses also reduced resources, fecundity and/or survivorship, there was a reduction in the host carrying capacity. in addi...

BACKGROUND The current understanding of airborne tuberculosis (TB) transmission is based on classic 1950s studies in which guinea pigs were exposed to air from a tuberculosis ward. Recently we recreated this model in Lima, Perú, and in this paper we report the use of molecular fingerprinting to investigate patient infectiousness in the current era of HIV infection and multidrug-resistant (MDR) ...

background management of bacterial sepsis as a common cause of hospitalization and a life threatening clinical syndrome is a challenge. in previous studies, incorrect diagnosis of sepsis and unnecessary treatment have been frequently reported. objectives the aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of cases with a primary diagnosis of sepsis. patients and methods of 410 med...

BACKGROUND Stress ulcers are acute superficial inflammatory lesions of the gastric mucosa induced when an individual is subjected to unusually high physiologic demands. In recent years, use of acid suppression therapy (AST) for stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) in inpatient settings other than intensive care has become increasingly common, leading to increased drug cost and an avoidable increased ...

various commercial vaccines for immunization of broiler chickens against infectious bursal disease (ibd) are available, so it would be appropriate to compare the pathogenicity and immune response of chickens to these vaccines. in this study the pathogenicity and serologic response of four ibd vaccines, cloned d78®, bursine-2®, bursimune® and cevac gambo-l®, were evaluated in specific pathogen f...

an analysis of 382 patients, aged 12 and over, admitted to the infectious disease ward of amin hospital in isfahan over a 20 year period with clinically diagnosed tetanus is reported. the study comprised 297 patients, 77.7% from rural areas and 85(22.3%) from the city of isfahan. the male- female ratio for both groups was approximately 2:1. rural patients were younger and showed a lower crude c...