in the present study, 360 male day-old broiler chicks were used to determine the effect of mixed livevaccines of newcastle disease (nd) and infectious bronchitis (ib) on serum and local antibody responses toib. chicks were randomly divided into 12 treatment groups of 3 replicates and reared for 40 days on floorpens. groups 1 to 5 received mixed nd and ib vaccine. groups 7 to 11 received ib vacc...

infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a contagious pathogen in fowl that results in economic loss in the poultry industry. in this study, the amino acids sequences of three structural proteins m, n, and s1 for five iranian ibv isolated during 1998-2011 have been analyzed. conserved and variable regions, hydrophobic characteristics and identity matrix were determined after alignment by bioedit ve...

introduction: regarding the cross contamina-tion, prevention from infection is of high prior ity. the aim of this research was assessment of knowledge and attitude of dental students toward infection control in endodontics depart ment of faculty of dentistry, babol uni versity of medi cal sciences. materials and methods: the study was accom plished among 8th, 10th and 12th grade dental students...

an indirect enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for screening of antibody to avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). antigen was prepared from whole-purified ibv massachusetts serotype (br 801 strain). optimum dilution with minimum background for antigen concentration, rabbit anti-chicken conjugate and sera in developed elisa was determined 0.1μg/ml, 1:3000 and 1:100, respe...

infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) infects young chickens and causes serious lose to the poultry industry, worldwide. previous attempts using purified bacterially expressed ibdv vp2 failed to elicit a protective immune response to the virus. this study was designed to investigate if the initial expressed protein contained neutralizing epitopes but became nonfunctional during purification st...

various commercial vaccines for immunization of broiler chickens against infectious bursal disease (ibd) are available, so it would be appropriate to compare the pathogenicity and immune response of chickens to these vaccines. in this study the pathogenicity and serologic response of four ibd vaccines, cloned d78®, bursine-2®, bursimune® and cevac gambo-l®, were evaluated in specific pathogen f...

infectious bovine rhinotracheitis is a highly contagious disease caused by the bovine herpes virus-1 (bohv-1), resulting in significant losses to livestock around the world. bohv-1 is a major pathogen of cattle, primarily associated with respiratory/genital tract infections and abortion. in the present study, we determined the presence of antibodies in 120 serum samples of cattle with the histo...

background: the choice of an accurate microorganism isolation from chronic osteomyelitis has been a big conflict between clinicians during the time. the aim of this study is to compare specimens from sinus tract and bone, for an accurate treatment of trauma induced chronic osteomyelitis (co). patients and methods: a total of 139 patients with trauma induced co, were entered to the study. the sp...

conclusion according to our findings, it is recommended to use ferula gummosa extract, as a herbal alternative treatment, in more investigations to prove its treatment effects on infections. objective ferula gummosa grows as a native plant in different parts of iran and has been used for treatment of some infections such as uti since ancient times. present study is planned to show the antibacte...

sexually transmitted diseases (std) are a significant problem in canada and have many personal and financial effects on the society. stds are very prevalent in adults and adolescents who are very sexually active. women are more affected by these diseases and after many years, appear in the shape of infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and cervical cancer. majority of women never know about her infec...