background the rate of mother-to-infant hepatitis c virus (hcv) transmission is relatively low, however, this mode of infection is the most important route for childhood hcv involvement. the chances of transmission are increased by the level of maternal hcv viraemia and maternal human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) co infection. objectives the objective of the present study was to determine the p...

 Coronavirus disease (COVID) has had a growing outbreak around the world. China reported COVID-19 infection for the first time in December 2019. Symptoms of this disease often include respiratory symptoms, but gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea) were also reported in COVID-19 infection. Coronavirus transmits through direct droplets, contact, or fomites. However, other mod...

background the household transmission of hepatitis b virus (hbv) is a major health problem. the prevalence rate of this infection is reported about 11% to 57% among family members of hbsag carriers. objectives this study was conducted to evaluate serological determinants of chronic hepatitis b infection, especially hbsag positivity, among family members of asymptomatic hbsag positive carriers i...

context the hepatitis b virus (hbv) is a highly infectious virus which spreads through blood and other infected fluids such as semen. individuals can be infected with the virus through sexual contact, by sharing needles or by a needle accident, by getting a body piercing or tattooing, and prenatally or at birth, if the mother is infected with the virus. evidence acquisition we searched medical ...

background hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. the role of intra familial hcv transmission is still controversial. the aim of the present study is to determine intra familial transmission (sexual and non sexual contacts) of hcv in a group of iranian population. patients and methods in this historical cohort study, 270 first degree relatives of hepatitis ...