The intracellular protozoan parasite, Theileria annulata, induces uncontrolled proliferation and transformation in bovine B lymphocytes and monocytes in blood circulation andlymph nodes of host cells. This uncontrolled replication happens in the macroschizont stage of the life cycle of the parasites. The development of a rapid and efficient technique is likely to necessita...

As obligate intracellular parasites, viruses rely heavily on host cells for replication, and therefore dysregulate several cellular processes their benefit. In return, activate multiple signaling pathways to limit viral replication eradicate viruses. The present study explores the complex interplay between through next generation RNA sequencing as well mass spectrometry (SILAC). Both coding tra...

Leucocytozoon parasites infect a large number of avian hosts, including domestic chicken, and cause significant economical loss to the poultry industry. Although the transmission stages of the parasites were observed in avian blood cells more than a century ago, the specific host cell type(s) that the gametocytes infect remain uncertain. Because all the avian blood cells, including red blood ce...

a six month survey (may-october1994) was conducted, to study natural promastigote infection of s.sintoni, its seasonal variation and reservoir host, in turkemen sahra, iran. sixty out of 403 s.sintoni dissected were found infected with promastigotes. this investigation showed that the peak of promastigote infection occurs in july (18.4%) and august (28.5%). five lizards including one cyrtoopodi...

Upon invasion of host cells, the ubiquitous pathogen Toxoplasma gondii manipulates several host processes, including re-organization of host organelles, to create a replicative niche. Host mitochondrial association to T. gondii parasitophorous vacuoles is rapid and has roles in modulating host immune responses. Here gene expression profiling of T. gondii infected cells reveals enrichment of gen...

While direct contact may sometimes be sufficient to allow a pathogen to jump into a new host species, in other cases fortuitously adaptive mutations that arise in the original donor host are also necessary. Viruses have been the focus of most host shift studies, so less is known about the importance of ecological versus evolutionary processes to successful bacterial host shifts. Here we tested ...

we investigated the relations among infection intensity of european mistletoe (viscum album l.) with host tree features in nour forest park, located in caspian forests in north of iran. the number of 30 circular plots with an area of 0.1 ha were sampled in all places have an aggregation of infested trees. parameters including dbh, height, distance to stand edge, distance to conspecific tree, ba...

Human toxoplasmosis is caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Although T. gondii infection generally asymptomatic for most of immunocompetent adults, severe complications may occur particularly in pregnant women and immunocompromised individual. Host cell immunity plays a critical role differentiation persistence host. Therefore, genetic polymorphism host immune genes...

Leuciscus persidis as Iranian endemic fish in Kaftar lake and its headwaters (Mesopotamian subregion, Kor-Neiriz basin and Shadkam river) has been infected with a species of Dactylogyrus sphyrna. Comparison of collected parasites with Euro-Asian subregion showed that the similarity of them is more than their differences, although a little difference between them was observed. In this paper also...