The end of the Cold War led to a large drop in world military expenditure, rising fixed costs of developing weapons because of technological changes and a reduction of national preference for domestic weapons. Alongside these developments has been an increase in concentration in the world arms industry, which at the end of the Cold War had been very unconcentrated with concentration ratios clos...

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the nature and changes of market concentration in the Malaysia’s Islamic banking due to the restructuring of Islamic banking industry within the liberalization wave in the banking market. A total of 17 Islamic banks operating over the period of 2000-2010 had been considered. The structural approach framework was used to evaluate the nature and changes of mar...

This paper shows that differences in industry concentration help explain the crosssection of average stock returns. Firms in concentrated industries earn lower returns, even after controlling for size, book-to-market and momentum. The premium for industry concentration exhibits systematic business cycle variation. In addition, the premium on book-to-market is higher in more concentrated industr...

I examine how mergers affect performance in network industries. Network providers choose quality for communication within the provider’s own network, quality for communication between providers’ networks, and output. Cross-border mergers provide firms an incentive to increase output because merged firms internalize positive network externalities. Several results modify conclusions in the curren...

Traditional measures of spatial industry concentration are restricted to given areal units. They do not make allowance for the fact that concentration may be differently pronounced at various geographical levels. Methods of spatial point pattern analysis allow to measure industry concentration at a continuum of spatial scales. While common distancebased methods are well applicable for sub-natio...

Despite the salience of information technology investments in many firms, industry and firm-specific variations exist in the efficient use of information technology. Recent evidence suggests that industries vary in terms of how they use information technology (IT) and that the business benefits that firms receive from IT are strongly influenced by industry factors. This research examines some o...

This paper analyses the Chinese sports industry’s market scale, market concentration rate, product differentiation and barriers to entry and the conclusion shows that the organization of Chinese sports industry is still in the early’ stage of development, and most of sports enterprises are regional characteristics, small non-economic and industrial scale. The paper also regards that the Chinese...

abstract  background: the essential constituents of cements like lime, silica and alumina are derived from earth’s crust in which radioactive elements like uranium, thorium etc are also present in varying amounts almost everywhere. these two elements are considered as the parent elements of uranium and thorium radioactive decay series in which radon and thoron are produced respectively as decay...