In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Bellail and colleagues unravel how overexpression of the ubiquitin-modifying enzyme A20 results in TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) resistance in glioblastoma. After TRAIL receptor stimulation, A20 mediates the polyubiquitination of RIP1 at the TRAIL receptor tail, resulting in the interaction of the polyubiquin chain to procaspase-8 that is recru...

Cytotoxic fusion proteins for tumor therapy are composed of an antibody-based targeting moiety and an effector molecule. Effectors may possess enzymatic activity confering cytoxicity after internalization or be an antibody-targeted death-receptor ligand that induces apoptosis after interaction with a death receptor. In this review, we focus on cytotoxic fusion proteins which, in most cases, are...

Dynamic materials have been widely studied for regulation of cell adhesion that is important to a variety of biological and biomedical applications. These materials can undergo changes mainly through one of the two mechanisms: ligand release in response to chemical, physical, or biological stimuli, and ligand burial in response to mechanical stretching or the change of electrical potential. Thi...

tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (trail), a member of tnf family, is an interesting ligand which selectively induces apoptosis in tumor cells and, therefore, it has been developed for cancer therapy. this ligand has been produced by various hosts such as e.coli. however, protein expression in e.coli cytoplasm leads to problems such as incorrect folding, reduction in biolo...

molecular farming has been considered as a secure and economical approach for production of biopharmaceuticals. human tnf related apoptosis inducing ligand (trail) as a promising biopharmaceutical candidate has been produced in different expression hosts. however, little attention has been paid to molecular farming of the trail in spite of numerous advantages of plant expression systems. theref...

Programmed cell death plays an important role in the neuronal degeneration after cerebral ischemia, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we examined, in vivo and in vitro, whether ischemia-induced neuronal death involves death-inducing ligand/receptor systems such as CD95 and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). After reversible middle cerebra...

TRAIL/Apo-2L induces rapid apoptosis of a variety of tumor cell lines. A family of tumor necrosis factor receptor-related molecules have been identified as receptors for TRAIL. Herein, we report the identification of another member of the TRAIL receptor family, TRUNDD (TRAIL receptor with a truncated death domain). The TRUNDD transcript was detected in multiple human tissues. TRUNDD is highly h...