conclusions our results have shown that indirect mr arthrography had greater diagnostic accuracy in regards to the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values than conventional mri in knee pathologies. results in all of the pathologies studied, the sensitivity, specificity, and the positive and negative predictive values were evaluated. a high rate of accuracy was foun...

A theoretical link between reasoning and mathematical ability has been supported by some recent empirical evidence. We argue that some of this evidence is indirect and measure selection may have influenced this relationship. We report one study in which mathematical ability was measured using a fluency and a calculation measure (Wood-cock Johnson-III, 2001) and reasoning ability was measured us...

We analyze what functions as a YES response and a NO response for different yes/no questions. This problem is surprisingly complex: respondents do not always produce overt yes or no lexical items in response to a yes/no question. In addition, when respondents don’t include a clear yes or no word, they may mean to communicate a clear YES or NO meaning, or something else. We find that the classif...

objective: self-harm was classified to show forms like non-suicidal self injury and indirect risky behaviors and drug abuse. the aims of this study were to compare suicidal tendencies indexes and difficulty in emotion regulation skills in mixed groups of adolescents with direct and indirect forms of self-harm. methods: in a casual-comparative design from population of delinquent adolescents det...

We consider the problem of aggregation of incomplete preferences represented by arbitrary binary relations or incomplete paired comparison matrices. For a number of indirect scoring procedures we examine whether or not they satisfy the axiom of self-consistent monotonicity. The class of win-loss combining scoring procedures is introduced which contains a majority of known scoring procedures. Tw...

This paper explores the way in which the location of science as a social practice has changed in the UK during the last two decades. It argues that accounting is implicated in this change because it has facilitated the commodification of science knowledge products. Science is no longer an open and codifiable practice, but is rather a closed and private one. This change has disrupted the existin...

I define information from a philosophical perspective as a category that indicates the presence of indirect existence, which is a self-display by material entities (with direct existence) of the status and trajectory of that existence. In this paper, based in part on articles published only in Chinese over the last 30 years, information is shown to include three basic forms: In-itself, for-itse...

The importance of distinguishing between direct and indirect losses of disasters is stressed. In order to estimate indirect losses, a conceptual framework of direct and indirect losses is presented. For the case of the Great HanshinAwaji (Kobe) Earthquake of 1995, direct stock losses of both the manufacturing and the commercial sectors record almost same size of big damage. As for indirect flow...