The present authors assessed risk factors that can promote indeterminate results of QuantiFERON TB-2G (QFT-2G; Cellestis Ltd, Carnegie, Australia) tests. The subjects were 704 patients with suspected tuberculosis (TB) and latent TB infection between January 2005 and December 2007. The QFT-2G test and the tuberculin skin test (TST) were performed for all subjects. If the results of the QFT-2G te...

CT abdomen without and with IV contrast 9 Either CT or MRI is appropriate. Use thinsection CT. ☢☢☢☢ MRI abdomen without and with IV contrast 8 Either CT or MRI is appropriate. O US kidney retroperitoneal with duplex Doppler 8 O Biopsy renal mass 5 Varies MRI abdomen without IV contrast 3 This procedure can be useful to characterize simple cysts. O Arteriography kidney 1 ☢☢☢ X-ray intravenous ur...

Background and Aims: HIV is spreading rapidly among people word wide. Infection with this virus leads to immune suppression and finally acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).Early HIV detection is depended on antibody screening against virus by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).Some confirmatory tests such as Western Blot and Recombinant Immunobloting Assay (RIBA), are used to ve...

BACKGROUND Reports of indeterminate lupus anticoagulant (LAC) results are common; however, no published data on their prevalence or clinical significance are available. We investigated the prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients with indeterminate LAC. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and serologic characteristics of 256 unselected patients with LAC results. RESU...

Indeterminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) third-generation recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA3.0; Ortho Diagnostic Systems) patterns were arbitrarily defined by the manufacturer as the detection of only one antibody out of the four that were sought, namely, c100 (NS4 encoded), c22 (core encoded), c33c (NS3 encoded), and NS5 (NS5 encoded). The aims of the present study were (i) to determine the prev...

BACKGROUND QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test (QFT-GIT) can be used as an alternative to tuberculin skin testing (TST) for the targeted testing of latent tuberculosis. Due to many shortcomings with TST, QFT-GIT usage is increasing. QFT-GIT implementation in the inpatient setting remains unclear. METHODS We retrospectively identified patients admitted to a tertiary care academic center who recei...

BACKGROUND Ultrasound guided fine-needle aspiration (USFNA) biopsy of thyroid nodules often gives a result of indeterminate pathology, placing thyroid specialists in difficult management situations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of malignancy in patients undergoing surgery and to correlate these results with the McGill Thyroid Nodule Score (MTNS). METHODS We performed a r...

indeterminate cell histiocytosis is a very rare disorder of histiocytes proliferation. it has both langerhans and non-langerhans cell histiocytosis immunophenotypic features. we described a 45-year-old man with a 2 years history of multiple yellow-brown papules and a few red nodules on his trunk and extremities. no internal involvement was detected first and after 8 months. as his lesions were ...

In this paper we introduce the indeterminate models in information fusion, which are due either to the existence of some indeterminate elements in the fusion space or to some indeterminate masses. The best approach for dealing with such models is the neutrosophic logic.