The middle ear ossicles are only rarely preserved in fossil hominins. Here, we report the discovery of a complete ossicular chain (malleus, incus, and stapes) of Paranthropus robustus as well as additional ear ossicles from Australopithecus africanus. The malleus in both early hominin taxa is clearly human-like in the proportions of the manubrium and corpus, whereas the incus and stapes resembl...

Objective The purpose of this study is to evaluate our experience with endoscopic repair of ossicular discontinuity at the incudostapedial joint, with or without an intact stapes suprastructure, and present our hearing results. We classify results based on the causative pathology, the type of ossiculoplasty, and type of lesion. We demonstrate the ability to endoscopically place a total ossicula...

We studied the mass growth trajectories of middle ear ossicles and tympanic membrane oval window area in 19 specimens postnatal ages 30–180 days gray short-tailed opossum Monodelphis domestica . weighed skull three with appropriate balances. Using a binocular microscope provided grid, we measured length malleus incus, as well longest axis one perpendicular to it on both stapes footplate. The si...

Objective. To visually compare the Nitinol "smart" stapes prosthesis to conventional manual crimping stapes pistons in temporal bone cadaver specimens. Main Outcome Measures. 10 otolaryngologists were given a photograph of the randomly ordered stapes pistons and asked to use the pictures to answer questions about each stapes piston. The answers to the survey were then recorded for analysis. Res...

OBJECTIVES To report the rare case of a patient with complete incus dislocation after trauma showing normal hearing. METHODOLOGY Physical examination, audiometry, CT of temporal bone, and detection during operation. RESULTS The incus had become remotely located in the mastoid cavity, but the patient showed normal hearing because fibrous connections had preserved bony continuity. CONCLUSIO...

We report a rare case where Q-tip induced mixed hearing loss without perilymph fistula and demonstrate the need for computed tomography imaging with three-dimensional reconstruction where fracture and dislocation of the stapes are suspected. A 28-year-old male experienced an accidental penetrating injury by a Q-tip in the right ear 6 years previously. Temporal bone computed tomography revealed ...

Objective To define the presence and relationship of the petrosquamous stalactite (PsS)-a condensation of the trabecular Korner's septum into a bony plate of the petrosquamous suture-to surrounding structures and understand its surgical implications. Study Design Series of cadaver dissections. Setting University of Missouri Alumni Temporal Bone and Microvascular Laboratory. Subjects and Methods...

the objective of the current study was to determine the anatomical features of the auditory ossicles inhamster. twenty temporal bones from 10 adult hamsters, weighing 275-300 g were used. after dissectingthem, the features of the ossicles were assessed with an ocular micrometer and photographed by astereomicroscope. finally, all data were evaluated and analysed using the sigma statt software. t...

The critical temperature gradient model of Rebut, Lallia and Watkins is compared with data from Alcator C. The predicted central electron temperature is derived from the model, and a simple analytic formula is given. It is found to be in quite good agreement with the observed temperatures on Alcator C under ohmic heating conditions. However, the thermal diffusivity postulated in the model for g...

Watkins has conjectured that if R is the rank of the group of rational points of an elliptic curve E over the rationals, then 2 divides the modular parametrisation degree. We show, for a certain class of E, chosen to make things as easy as possible, that this divisibility would follow from the statement that a certain 2adic deformation ring is isomorphic to a certain Hecke ring, and is a comple...