the oriental beech constitute one third of northern forests area and stocking volume in the north ofiran. these stands obseve in pure and mixed. in order to properly management which guaranteesustained yield, it is crucial to collect basic information including stocking (volume and stem number),tree growth, diameter distribution pattern, diameter-height relationship, diameter-volume relationshi...

Wood vinegar is a substance, derived from cooling black carbon fire, which could be used instead of chemical materials in the agriculture industry as an organic compound. In order to study the effectiveness of pine wood vinegar on physiological and photosynthesis traits of cucumber, two experiments were conducted based on a completely randomized design with six treatments including 0, 1250, 200...

Land devoted to plantation forestry (50millionha) has been increasing worldwide and the genus Eucalyptus is a popular plantation species (14millionha) for its rapid growth and ability to grow well on a wide range of sites. Fertilization is a common silvicultural tool to improve tree growth with potential effects on stand water use, but the relationship between wood growth and water use in respo...

Background: Asthma is a chronic multifactorial disease with a high prevalence. Among asthma risk factors, the effect of baking in wood tenor ovens (traditional form of baking) on bronchial asthma is still debated. The aim of this study was to determine the association between baking in wood tenor ovens and incidence and control of bronchial asthma. Materials and Methods: This descriptive stu...

Instream processing may substantially alter nutrient export from forested watersheds. This study tested how instream uptake of N and P were affected by successional differences in the accumulation of large wood and debris dams in a 66-year chronosequence formed by five watersheds within the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF), NH. Nutrient enrichment releases in summer 1998 were used to me...

background: asthma is a chronic multifactorial disease with a high prevalence. among asthma risk factors, the effect of baking in wood tenor ovens (traditional form of baking) on bronchial asthma is still debated. the aim of this study was to determine the association between baking in wood tenor ovens and incidence and control of bronchial asthma. materials and methods: this descriptive study ...

In southwestern Oregon, 24 mature forest stands were used to test the hypothesis that species richness of small terrestrial vertebrates is positively correlated with dead wood volume, and to compare dead wood loads between capture and non-capture sites for species encountered. Dead wood was separated into two components: coarse woody debris (CWD)—defined as down wood of any length ≥ 10 cm in di...

One of the most famous methods to predict the stiffness of short fiber composites is micromechanical modeling. In this study, a Representative Volume Element (RVE) of a beech wood flour natural composite has been designed and the orientation averaging approach has been utilized to predict its stiffness tensor. The novelty of this work is in finding the proper fiber orientation distribution func...

In this research, efficiency of Iranian forest and rangeland decision making unit was assessed using non-parametric method. Inputs and outputs determined by field research and with applying a Delphi method the final input and output variables selected. Forty five wood-producing units (forestry plans) in three northern Iranian province were studied using Data Envelopment Analysis. The efficiency...