Mukteswar strain of Newcastle disease (ND) virus was propagated in 9-day-old embryonated eggs via allantoic route. The harvested allantoic fluid with haemagglutination (HA) titre of 1024 (EID50 10) was inactivated using 0.1 percent formalin solution. Two experimental vaccines were prepared in light mineral oil with aqueous to oil ratio of 1:2 ( MK-VAC-I) and 1:4(MK-VAC-II).The hydrophile lipoph...

Seasonal influenza causes clinical illness and hospitalization in all age groups; however, conventional inactivated vaccines have only limited efficacy in young children. MF59(®), an oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant, has been used since the 1990s to enhance the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines in the elderly, a population with waning immune function due to immunosenescence. Clinical trials no...

The immunogenicity and efficacy of three inactivated vaccines (A, B, C) prepared with Mycoplasma agalactiae (M. agalactiae) and with different oil-emulsion adjuvants were evaluated in sheep. Twenty-eight animals were used, divided into four groups (a, b, c, d) of seven animals each. Three groups were immunized with the same vaccine, but using different adjuvants, while one group (d) was used as...

This experiment was conducted for evaluating the humoral immune responses induced by Poly Lactide-co-Glycolide Acid (PLGA) microspheres coupled inactivated Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) vaccine in comparison to an ‘in-house’ prepared inactivated and a live commercial vaccine. PLG microparticles containing inactivated NDV were prepared by a double emulsion technique based on solvent evaporation ...

abstract background and aims: vaccination of poultry has a major impact on the prevention and control of avian influenza viruses. nanobiotechnology techniques provide a new approach for improvement of influenza vaccine efficacy. in this study, efficacy of an inactivated nano-adjuvant vaccine developed based on an endemic h9n2 virus was evaluated in spf chickens. materials and methods: in each t...

Abstract Background and Aims: Vaccination of poultry has a major impact on the prevention and control of avian influenza viruses. Nanobiotechnology techniques provide a new approach for improvement of influenza vaccine efficacy. In this study, efficacy of an inactivated nano-adjuvant vaccine developed based on an endemic H9N2 virus was evaluated in SPF chickens. Materials and Methods: I...

this experiment was conducted for evaluating the humoral immune responses induced by poly lactide-co-glycolide acid (plga) microspheres coupled inactivated newcastle disease virus (ndv) vaccine in comparison to an ‘in-house’ prepared inactivated and a live commercial vaccine. plg microparticles containing inactivated ndv were prepared by a double emulsion technique based on solvent evaporation ...

Combination of CVCVA5 adjuvant and commercial avian influenza (AI) vaccine has been previously demonstrated to provide good protection against different AI viruses in chickens. In this study, we further investigated the protective immunity of CVCVA5-adjuvanted oil-emulsion inactivated AI vaccine in chickens, ducks and geese. Compared to the commercial H5 inactivated vaccine, the H5-CVCVA5 vacci...

The potency of inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccines in the United States is currently determined using vaccination and challenge of experimental animals against a velogenic strain of NDV. Because velogenic strains of NDV are now classified as select agents in the United States, all vaccine potency testing must be performed in live animals under biosafety level 3 agriculture condit...