charles dickens was a voracious reader even in his childhood. his early reading of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century picaresque fiction greatly influenced his writing style. his first novel, the pickwick papers, is a tale of rogues and swindlers, adventures and quests, satire and comedy, and innocence and experience. oliver twist, dickens’ second novel, is a young boy’s progress through a cor...

abstract while task-based instruction is considered as the most effective way to learn a language in the related literature, it is oversimplified on various grounds. different variables may affect how students are engaged with not only the language but also with the task itself. the present study was conducted to investigate language and task related engagement on the basis of the task typolog...

1.1 introduction “i see translation as the attempt to produce a text so transparent that it does not seem to be translated. a good translation is like a pane of glass. you only notice that it’s there when there are little imperfections- scratches, bubbles. ideally, there shouldn’t be any. it should never call attention to itself.” “norman shapiro” (venuti, 1995:1) edward fitzgerald is the br...

Mihrab existed before Islam. This word became one of the main components of Islamic mosques after the Islamic conquest. Structure and function changes of Mihrab during these two periods could be considered in various methods. Considering conceptual changes is one of the historical studies methods. This article aims to investigate a part of conceptual changes that reflects Mihrab’s structural an...

the study reflected in this thesis aims at finding out relationships between critical thinking (ct), and the reading sections of tofel and ielts tests. the study tries to find any relationships between the ct ability of students and their performance on reading tests of tofel and academic ielts. however, no research has ever been conducted to investigate the relationship between ct and the read...

One of the old Imamate works is Ubeidollah Ibn Abi Rafi’s al-Sunan wal Ahkam wal Qadhaya, a well-known work whose text existed independently till the fourth or perhaps the fifth century. Nevertheless in the circles of Imamate hadith, especially the four Books, the book has not been cited and in other Imamate books of hadith only three narrations rare elated in whose chains the name of Ubeidol...