This paper employs a multivariate Granger-causality model to evaluate the causal relationship between external debt, financial development, and investment in Botswana South Africa from 1980–2020. The study includes savings, trade, economic growth as intermittent variables. Using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach; empirical results reveal that, for both Africa, there ...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the causal relationship between the structure and performance in the banking industry of Iran. In doing so, the data and information of public and private banks from 1996 to 2015 is examined using Toda-Yamamoto causality test (TY) and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) (the degree of market concentration) ...

This study investigates the asymmetric cointegration and causal relationships between economic growth, carbon emissions, energy consumption in next eleven (11) countries over period 1972–2013. The nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) bounds testing approach nonpragmatic Granger causality tests are employed. research’s empirical results have entrenched vital that significant policy i...

The study aims to estimate an international reserves demand model for China using economic growth, propensity to import, real effective exchange rate and trade openness variables for quarterly period spanning from 1985Q1 to 2014Q4.The bounds testing technique to cointegration is used to test for a long run relationship, while the autoregressive distributed lag approach is used to estimate short...

Purpose This paper examines the relationship between inflation and economic growth in Kenya from an analytical empirical standpoint. Design/methodology/approach The applies autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach multivariate Granger-causality test using time series data covering 1970-2019. Structural breaks were also conducted Perron (1997) (PPURoot) Zivot-Andrews (199...

This empirical study investigates the dynamic interconnection between fossil fuel consumption, alternative energy economic growth and carbon emissions in China over 1981 to 2020 time period within a multivariate framework. The long-term relationships sequences are determined through application of Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test augmented by Johansen maximum likelihood procedu...

Environmental pollution and climatic variations are due to CO 2 emissions considered an important global issue. The key aim of this study was investigate the dynamic association among emission, energy use, economic growth in China. Secondary data used ranging from 1971 2014, stationarity verified by applying Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test. autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds te...

This article examines the determinants of health expenditures in Tunisia during the period 1961-2008, using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach by Pesaran et al. (2001). The results of the bounds test show that there is a stable long-run relationship between per capita health expenditure, GDP, population ageing, medical density and environmental quality. In fact, on the one hand ...