We study the quasiparticle interference QPI patterns caused by scattering off nonmagnetic, magnetic point impurities, and edge impurities, separately, in a two-dimensional helical liquid, which describes the surface states of a topological insulator. The unique features associated with hexagonal warping effects are identified in the QPI patterns of charge density with nonmagnetic impurities and...

The current practice of characterization and control of impurities in pharmaceutical substances and products are reviewed with emphasis on issues specific to the active pharmaceutical ingredient and pharmaceutical formulations. The control of pharmaceutical impurities in the pharmaceutical industry is an important task to the formulator. The International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) has f...

We investigate the extrinsic spin Hall effect in the electron gas model due to magnetic impurities, by focusing on Ceand Yb-impurities. In the dilute limit, the skew scattering term dominates the side jump term. For Ce-impurities, the spin Hall angle αSH due to skew scattering is given by −8πδ2/7, where δ2 (≪ 1) is the phase shift for d (l = 2) partial wave. Since αSH reaches O(10 ) if δ2 > ∼ 0...

We consider minimizers of a Ginzburg-Landau energy with a discontinuous and rapidly oscillating pinning term, subject to a Dirichlet boundary condition of degree d > 0. The pinning term models an unbounded number of small impurities in the domain. We prove that for strongly type II superconductor with impurities, minimizers have exactly d isolated zeros (vortices). These vortices are of degree ...

The impurities, introduced intentionally or accidentally into certain materials, can significantly modify their characteristics or reveal their intrinsic physical properties, and thus play an important role in solid-state physics. Different from those static impurities in a solid, the impurities realized in cold atomic systems are naturally mobile. Here we propose an effective theory for treati...

Wereview thephysics of charged impurities in the vicinity of graphene. The long-range nature of Coulomb impurities affects both the nature of the ground state density profile and graphene’s transport properties. We discuss the screening of a single Coulomb impurity and the ensemble averaged density profile of graphene in the presence of many randomly distributed impurities. Finally, we discuss ...

Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based vectors expressing therapeutic genes continue to demonstrate great promise for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases and together with other gene transfer vectors represent an emerging new therapeutic paradigm comparable in potential impact on human health to that achieved by recombinant proteins and vaccines. A challenge for the current pipeline of AAV-...

Impurity is defined as any substance coexisting with the original drug, such as starting material or intermediates or that is formed, due to any side reactions. Impurity can be of three types: Impurities closely related to the product and coming from the chemical or from the biosynthetic route itself, Impurities formed due to spontaneous decomposition of the drug during the storage or on exposu...

Abstract: Fluorite (CaF2), a halogen elemental mineral, always co-exists with other minerals. The Ca element in fluorite is often replaced by rare earth elements (REEs), such as cerium (Ce) and yttrium (Y). In this work, the electronic structures of fluorite crystals containing REE (Ce, Th, U, and Y) impurities were studied by density functional theory (DFT). The calculated results showed that ...

We explore periodic and chaotic motion in a soliton-bearing chain of nonlinear oscillators and study the effect of disorder on the spatiotemporal chaos. The chain we consider consists of torsionally coupled, damped, parametrically driven pendulums. We show that the amplitudes of the pendulums satisfy a system of equations in slow time, the “nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) oscillators”. The evolutio...