soil degradation means lose of soil quality which usually is caused by improper use of land by human. decline of soil quality includes lose of physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. this study aimed to identify and assess the quality of soil and land, to determine the type of land degradation and estimates their severity based on completed forms gathered field data and mapping th...

the control of biological, hydrological and geochemical cycles of soil is the key part of the earth system. the objective of this research was to evaluate changes in soil chemical properties due to deforestation occurred in the gazafolya village, merek watershed, kermanshah province, iran. toward this attempt, 35 soil samples were collected from top soil layer using auger in early june, 2013. s...

The main purpose of this paper is to explain the factors affecting the change of service land uses in the city of Shiraz and identify its reasons. For this purpose, the second-order confirmatory factor analysis technique has been used as one of the structural equation modeling techniques to determine the severity of the effect of the four factors on land use change, through which a contributing...

extended abstract 1. introduction the investigation of land cover and land use changes has been important since ancient eras and these changes mainly occur in two ways: the first types of these changes take place by the means of natural factors such as erosion, tectonic forces and floods and the second types take place by human factors. in recent years in many parts of the world, human oriented...

The study area of Marand city is 45 ° 46 'east longitude and 38 ° 26' north latitude and is located in the northwest of East Azarbaijan province and 60 km northwest of Tabriz province. Unfortunately, in recent years, the development of countries, including Iran, has led to more exploitation and improper use of groundwater resources, which reduces these resources and does not control the amount ...

"Ockham's razor" is a methodical principle, due to the medieval philosopher William of Ockham, who mainly opposed an unjustified creation of new terms in philosophy. Since this principle and its later versions are frequently quoted in discussions about anomalies, it will be studied here in some detail. After a short look on the historical roots, the principal modern formulations are summarized....

the research used the satellite image (landsat 7 etm ) within the thermal infrared sixth band (tir6) and geographic information system (gis) to determine the air pollution and its relationship with the land cover (lc) and land use (lu) of baghdad city. concentration of total suspended particles (tsp), lead (pb), carbon oxides (co, co2), and sulphur dioxide (so2) were obtained from 22 ground mea...

agricultural land conversion (alc) has been introduced as one of the most important factorsaffecting ecosystem. this type of conversion has led to several challenges in agricultural development andhuman life. monitoring alc plays a crucial role when dealing with such challenges. the main objective of thisstudywas to monitor the trend ofalc in theqazvin province located in northwest iran from 19...

in land use planning, mapping the present land use / land cover situation is a necessary tool for determining the current condition and for identifying land use trends. in this study, in order to provide a land use/ land cover map for ilam watershed, the irs-1c image data from 25th april 2006 were used. initial qualitative evaluation on data showed no significant radiometric error. ortho-rectif...