Azathioprine is a synthetic purine analog derived from 6-mercaptopurine. It is a purine antagonist and its active metabolites act by disrupting the function of endogenous purines. It has a cytotoxic and immunosuppressive mechanism of action. It is used in dermatology for treatment of immunobullous diseases, generalized eczematous disorders and photodermatoses. There is an enzyme in the metaboli...

Pemphigus is a chronic blistering mucocutaneous disease, classified in immunobullous skin diseases. Infections, particularly septicemia due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeroginosa are the most common and dangerous disorders due to immunosuppressive therapy in this disease. Infection with nocardia is rare, so that only 6 cases have been reported yet. Herein, we report a 56-year-old m...

BACKGROUND Immunosuppressive medications typically used to treat the immunobullous disorders pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus foliaceous, and bullous pemphigoid can have serious adverse effects. The tetracycline family of antibiotic drugs has been shown to be effective in the treatment of these conditions with a more favorable side effect profile. Minocycline hydrochloride use has been associated ...

Mast cells play an important role in both adaptive and innate immunity, and a large body of literature demonstrates their functions in skin immunity. This article reviews the literature on the role of this cell type in the pathogenesis of a number of immunological skin diseases, including contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, immunobullous disease, scleroderma, and chronic graft-vs.-host disea...

Establishing the correct diagnosis in newborns presenting with blisters and erosions is not always a straightforward process. Many different disease entities including acquired (i.e., infectious, immunobullous, traumatic) and inherited disorders have to be taken into consideration. Similarities in clinical appearance, colonization and/or superinfections of preexisting skin lesions, as well as t...

FDE: fixed drug eruption INTRODUCTION Mycophenolate is a reversible inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, which plays an important role in the production of DNA. This drug is commonly used in several autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, including connective tissue diseases, immunobullous disease, and atopic dermatitis, and in the setting of organ transplantation. Mycophenolate is...

Vesiculobullous lesions are a type of mucocutaneous disease that is characterized by vesicles and bullae or blisters. Both vesicles and bullae are fluid-filled lesions, and they are distinguished by size, vesicles being less than 5–10 mm and bulla being larger than 5–10 mm, In the case of vesiculobullous diseases which are also immune disorders the term immunobullous is sometimes used. This rev...