CAR-T cell immunotherapy involves genetically reprogrammed T-lymphocytes that interact with cancer cells and activate an anti-tumor immune response. This therapy has been approved for clinical use hematological cancers, but new challenges have emerged in the treatment of solid tumors. Some include heterogeneity antigen expression found tumors, including antigen-positive non-tumoral cells, inhib...

The aim of this study was to prepare a new formula of Leishmania major (L. major) crude antigen and evaluate its effect on immune system. For this purpose L. major promastigotes were cultured, harvested, washed, and resuspended in physiologic saline and the suspensions were dispersed in five equal batches. 0.1 ml of various doses of the cocktail antigen were injected intradermaly in three group...

Background: During pregnancy, the maternal immune system is in close contact with cells and tissue from the semiallogenic fetus .The human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class Ib molecules, HLA-E, -F and -G, are expressed at the materno-fetal interface. Because of the apparent immunoregulatory functions of these proteins, they may be involved in successful acceptance of the semi-allogenic fetus during...

Abstract Self antigen-specific T cells are prevalent in the mature adaptive immune repertoire. At steady state, these regulated by various mechanisms of peripheral tolerance. Characterizing activation self during inflammation may shed crucial insights into pathogenesis autoimmunity. Utilizing an experimental animal model where mice express three cell epitopes (2W, gp66, and OVA) a tissue restri...

Background: During pregnancy, the maternal immune system is in close contact with cells and tissue from the semiallogenic fetus .The Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) class Ib molecules, HLA-E, -F and -G, are expressed at the materno-fetal interface. Because of the apparent immunoregulatory functions of these proteins, they may be involved in successful acceptance of the semi-allogenic fetus during...

Abstract The host immune system has developed many mechanisms to defend against and clear virus infections, including PKR, cGAS-STING TLR-MyD88 signaling pathways. Compromised anti-viral in tumor cells allows for infection, replication lysis by oncolytic viruses. However, compromised antiviral mechanisms, together with the microenvironment (TME), limit sensitivity of cells. We generated a novel...

objective: infectious microorganisms are major sources of illness and death worldwide, and the leading cause of death in neonates. effective vaccination of this age group is of particular importance. the lack of a response and greater susceptibility to tolerance are two major features that limit the effectiveness of vaccines in neonates. in this study we compare the cellular immune response gen...

A dot immunobinding assay ( DIA) was used for a quantitative and qualitative assay of rubella antibody. Purified antigen and conjugated anti-human immunoglobulin (RAHlg) were prepared. Nitrocellulose paper dotted with the antigen was added to serially diluted sera or blood samples. The reacting antibodies were visualized by a peroxidase system. Development of a colored insoluble substrate ...