The synthesis of materials in high-pressure experiments has recently attracted increasing attention, especially since the discovery of record breaking superconducting temperatures in the sulfur-hydrogen and other hydrogen-rich systems. Commonly, the initial precursor in a high pressure experiment contains constituent elements that are known to form compounds at ambient conditions, however the d...

The simultaneous percolation of two immiscible ~noncrossing! phases in correlated two-dimensional percolation has a monotonically decreasing probability for increasing scale, leading to vanishing probability for infinite systems. However, an increasing probability for noncrossing coexistence with increasing observation size occurs for strongly correlated percolation models. When the correlation...

We report on novel soluble macromolecules displaying rather peculiar solution behaviour, which allows us to gain full control of their partition into three mutually immiscible liquid media: water, dichloromethane and perfluoro(methylcyclohexane); such polymers may be used as soluble supports for reagents or catalysts, yielding supported species whose solubility preference for one out of three l...

The shape of an electronic droplet in the quantum Hall effect is sensitive to gradients of the magnetic field, even if they are placed outside the droplet. Magnetic impurities cause a fingering instability of the edge of the droplet, similar to the Saffman-Taylor fingering instability of an interface between two immiscible phases. We discuss the fingering instability and some algebraic aspects ...

The separation procedure of a chemical species from a matrix is essentially based on the transportation of the solute between the two involved phases, generally an organic and an inorganic one. Specifically, solvent extraction uses the concept of unique solute distribution ratios between two immiscible solvents. However, there are several situations where solutes have been observed to completel...

Centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC), pioneered by Ito in 1964, is a liquid–liquid chromatography without a sorbent, requiring two immiscible solvent phases. This is basically an outgrowth of countercurrent distribution, as developed by Craig and Post (1). In the most distinct variant of CPC, one liquid phase remains stationary while the second solvent phase passes through the stationary ...

The production of Al based monotectic alloys with uniform microstructure is usually difficult due to the large density difference between the two immiscible liquid phases, which limits the application of such alloys. Here, we apply three orthogonal ultrasounds during the liquid phase separation process of ternary Al71.9Sn20.4Cu7.7 immiscible alloy. A uniform microstructure consisting of fine se...

We investigate the nematic-isotropic (N-I) transition in shells of the liquid crystal 5CB, surrounded by aqueous phases that conventionally are considered to be immiscible with 5CB. The aqueous phases contain either sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as stabiliser, the former additionally promoting homeotropic director alignment. For all shell configurations we find a depre...

We investigate miscibility transitions of two different ternary lipid mixtures, DOPC/DPPC/Chol and POPC/PSM/Chol. In vesicles, both of these mixtures of an unsaturated lipid, a saturated lipid, and cholesterol form micron-scale domains of immiscible liquid phases for only a limited range of compositions. In contrast, in monolayers, both of these mixtures produce two distinct regions of immiscib...

This chapter focuses on three widely used techniques for extraction of semivolatile organics from liquids: liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), and solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Other techniques may be useful in selected circumstances, but these three techniques have become the extraction methods of choice for research and commercial analytical laboratories. A fou...