Epiphytic micro-organisms isolated from fruits and leaves surfaces of apples from different orchards were screened for antagonistic activity against Penicillium expansum. From all micro-organisms tested the new strain CPA-5 of Pseudomonas syringae, isolated from organic orchard, was selected. This strain was very effective against Botrytis cinerea, P. expansum and Rhizopus stolonifer at various...

Aromatase, a key steroidogenic enzyme that catalyses the conversion of androgens to estrogens, represent a target for endocrine disrupting chemicals. However, little is known about the effect of pollutants on aromatase enzymes in fish. In this study, we first optimized a rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) microsomal aromatase assay to measure the effects of 43 substances belonging to diverse c...

A survey was conducted in several Ecuadorian banana plantations to determine the actual pesticide management and their environmental impacts. It was detected that glyphosate, propiconazole, imazalil, tridemorph and imazalil are the pesticides most used in the Ecuadorian banana sector. As a first step, two screening models (EQC and EXAMS) were used to determine the overall distribution of these ...

The effect of various substances on the composition and quality wine has been studied. Only imazalil residue was 0.35 µg/dm3, in course use activated coal a dose 300 mg/dm3 no other pesticides were found. pesticide totally over during next doses (450 & 600 mg/dm3) coal. So, 450 is sufficient to remove out examples. more significant bentonite mg/dm3. In this case, most affected one imazalil. İnc...

We present a study on the control and elimination of the fungi affecting the mummies specifically at the museum "El Carmen", in San Angel, Mexico City. Twelve analysed mummies presented an important deterioration attributed to colonizing fungi. The degree of fungal contamination and the efficacy of imazalil were evaluated. Two samplings were performed in order to isolate and identify the fungal...

The development of assays for quantitative analysis of the relative transcript levels of ABC transporter genes by real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) might provide important information about multidrug resistance in filamentous fungi. Here, we evaluate the potential of real-time RT-PCR to quantify the relative transcript levels of ABC transporter Atr genes from Aspergillus nidulans. Th...

In this review article, we show that occurrence of fungicide resistance is one of the most important issues in modern agriculture. Fungicide resistance may be due to mutations of genes encoding fungicide targets (qualitative fungicide resistance) or to different mechanisms that are induced by sub-lethal fungicide stress. These mechanisms result in different and varying levels of resistance (qua...

Numerous species of filamentous fungi were isolated from lemon on different plantations in the province of Tucuman, Argentina. The techniques suggested by the Subcommittee of Antifungal Susceptibility of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, (USA) were adapted. The effect of three different concentrations of the fungicides imazalil, guazatine, SOPP and thiabendazole on the f...