This paper presents a color filter array (CFA) image indexing approach. To enhance the functionality of single-sensor consumer electronics such as digital cameras, imaging-enabled mobile phones and wireless personal digital assistants (PDAs), the proposed solution embeds the metadata information to a CFA image using a common discrete cosine transform (DCT) based watermarking scheme. Depending o...

Demosaicking is a process of obtaining a full color image by interpolating the missing colors of an image captured from a digital still and video cameras that use a single-sensor array. In this study a new Color Filter Array (CFA) is proposed. Which is based on the actual weight of the Human Visual System. It is developed based on the sensitivity level of the human eye to red as 29.9%, green as...

In recent years, many applications using a pair of RGB and near-infrared (NIR) images have been proposed in computer vision and image processing communities. Thanks to recent progress of image sensor technology, it is also becoming possible to manufacture an image sensor with a novel spectral filter array, which has RGB plus NIR pixels for one-shot acquisition of the RGB and the NIR images. In ...

Color image demosaicking for the Bayer color filter array is an essential image processing operation for acquiring high-quality color images. Recently, residual interpolation (RI)-based algorithms have demonstrated superior demosaicking performance over conventional color difference interpolation-based algorithms. In this paper, we propose adaptive residual interpolation (ARI) that improves exi...

Color image demosaicking is a key process in the digital imaging pipeline. In this paper, we present a rigorous treatment of a classical demosaicking algorithm based on alternating projections (AP). Since its publication, the AP algorithm has been widely cited and served as a benchmark in a flurry of papers in the demosaicking literature. Despite its impressive performances, a relative weakness...

Pixel binning refers to the concept of combining the electrical charges of neighboring pixels together to form a superpixel. The main benefit of this technique is that the combined charges would overcome the read noise at the sacrifice of spatial resolution. Binning in color image sensors results in superpixel Bayer pattern data, and subsequent demosaicking yields the final, lower resolution, l...

Modern digital still cameras sample the color spectrum using a color filter array coated to the CCD array such that each pixel samples only one color channel. The result is a mosaic of color samples which is used to reconstruct the full color image by taking the information of the pixels’ neighborhood. This process is called demosaicking. While standard literature evaluates the performance of t...

Most digital color cameras are based on a single CCD or CMOS sensor combined with a color filter array (CFA): each pixel measures only one of the RGB colors. The most popular CFA is the Bayer CFA (Bayer, 1976) shown in fig. 1. Demosaicking algorithms interpolate the sparsely sampled color information to obtain a full resolution image, i.e. three color values per pixel. Many demosaicking algorit...

Demosaicking and zooming are important for the quality of digital images in resource-constrained single chip devices such as wireless camera phones and vision-based pocket devices. The color artifacts introduced in the demosaicking process can be magnified in the subsequent zooming process and vice versa. This paper presents a joint demosaicking–zooming scheme by exploiting the fact that red/gr...