the encounter between the west and the east is historically regarded a s crucial i n the european chronicles. i n the 16th century, the politics of queen elizabeth i towards muslims was dualistic: on the one hand, her state united with muslims to stand against imperial spain, and on the other hand, after the defeat of the spanish armada in 1588 by the english, her state’s policy changed into a ...

In 1993, mathematician Feinstein found out perfect play on 6×6 board Othello gives 16-20 loss for the first player by using computer. He reported on the Web that it took two weeks to search forty billion positions in order to obtain the result. In our previous papers, we confirmed the perfect play he found is correct. And we also found another perfect play different from the one he found to sea...

The so-called “third world” has often experienced modernity and its version of the “city” in some of their most grotesque forms where Iran has not been an exception. In other words, North-Atlantic powers have historically played the midwife for a father-figure-like modernity and its “third world” concubines, the result of which has been the birth of “monstrosities” of all kinds. Focusing mainly...