The occurrence of charge variants of phosphohexose isÃ3meras? was elucidated in cancerous and, for comparison, in noncancerous tissues obtained from the same organ. Surgical specimens from 35 patients with gastrointestinal and mammary carcinoma were studied by means of the isoelectric focusing (IEF) technique. Differences in the IEF pattern could be demonstrated in 90% of the patients with gast...

Distinct genetic variants of apolipoprotein (apo) Al have been shown to influence concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The genetic polymorphism of apo AIV may modulate HDL-cholesterol, plasma triglycerides, and lipoprotein(a) concentrations. There is evidence for an antagonizing role of apo All in reverse cholesterol transport. Since genetic polymorphisms and variants o...

The birth and evolution of IEF in conventional carrier ampholyte buffers is reviewed here, from a shaky start during World War II, via desperate attempts of Svensson to create pH gradients by stationary electrolysis of salts, to the development of the IEF theory and the solution of the steady-state equation. The remarkable synthetic process of Ampholines, as ingeniously devised by Vesterberg, i...

This paper describes fabrication of glass and plastic microfluidic devices for protein separations. Although the long-term goal is to develop a microfluidic device for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, this paper focuses on the first dimension–isoelectric focusing (IEF). A laserinduced fluorescence (LIF) imaging system has been built for imaging an entire channel in an IEF device. The whole-...

This paper reports a simple isoelectric focusing (IEF) technique without carrier ampholytes to generate stable pH gradients in a nitrocellulose membrane for the fabrication of paper-based analytical devices suitable for complex biological samples. To design the custom-built IEF apparatus, silver-coated copper wire electrodes were employed; the distance between anode and cathode was 8 mm. Concen...

We prepared Bi3O4Cl single-crystalline nanosheets with high {001} facet exposure percentages and demonstrated that their photoreactivity strongly depended on the magnitude of the internal electric field (IEF), which was correlated with the {001} facet exposure percentage. More {001} facet exposure could induce the generation of stronger IEF, which favored the photogenerated charge separation an...

IEF simulation is an effective tool to investigate the transport phenomena and separation performance as well as to design IEF microchip. However, multidimensional IEF simulations are computationally intensive as one has to solve a large number of mass conservation equations for ampholytes to simulate a realistic case. In this study, a parallel scheme for a 2D IEF simulation is developed to red...

The globalization of fish and fishery products markets combined with the increase of consumer demand lead to a huge variety of non-endemic fish species in the marketplace. This might raise concerns about the inability of fish inspectors to distinguish fish species with similar morphological characteristics, particularly when they are processed and sold as fillets or slices in the country of ori...

This paper describes the investigation on the effects of separation length and voltage on IEF in a plastic microfluidic device. A LIF, whole-channel imaging detection (WCID) system was developed to monitor proteins while they were moving under an electric field. IEF was carried out in a separation medium consisting of carrier ampholytes and a mixture of linear polymers (hydroxyethylcellulose an...

BACKGROUND Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are usually diagnosed by isoelectric focusing (IEF) of serum transferrin (Tf). The aim of this study was to evaluate capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) as a diagnostic alternative to IEF. METHODS We performed 792 CZE analyses of Tf, using the CEofix(TM)-CDT (carbohydrate-deficient transferrin) assay. Peak identification was based on rel...