Introduction: Poverty reduction is one of the most important economic and social goals of politicians and programmers in different societies. Women are more exposed to  poverty and gender discrimination in comparison with men. This is because  women do not have necessary capabilities and facilities for empowerment and poverty reduction. Hence, for anti-poverty programs in the country, policymak...

writing an academic article requires the researchers to provide support for their works by learning how to cite the works of others. various studies regarding the analysis of citation in m.a theses have been done, while little work has been done on comparison of citations among elt scopus journal articles, and so the dearth of research in this area demands for further investigation into citatio...

Consumption of goods and services by households is an important index of their level of economic welfare. State of consumption distribution among households is an important index of equity in economic welfare. In this research, two important dimensions of consumption distribution have been studied: 1) Trend of changes of consumption distribution between Iranian rural and urban households 2) Cha...

Consumption of goods and services by households is an important index of their level of economic welfare. State of consumption distribution among households is an important index of equity in economic welfare. In this research, two important dimensions of consumption distribution have been studied: 1) Trend of changes of consumption distribution between Iranian rural and urban households 2) Cha...

Objectives Over the past few decades, Iran has faced rapid demographic changes, including a sharp decline in birth rates and increased life expectancy. This has led to an increase in the average age of the population and an increase in the percentage of the elderly people which is called “the phenomena of aging”. The occurrence of this phenomenon in Iran is rapidly increasing, and therefore the...

in recent years, there has been a growing interest among researchers to investigate the relationship betweenteacher self-efficacy and classroom behavior management, especially students misbehavior. therefore, this study aimed to comparatively investigate english and arabic teachers’ use of different behavior managementstrategies, their self-efficacy, and their success in an iranian context. th...

abstract: advertisements are the most accessible type of authentic materials, and this is one reason why they are used more and more in english teaching classes. for this cause, studies in the field of advertisements are very widespread nowadays. for pun is one aspect which makes advertisements more interesting, it is used more than before in advertisements. use of puns makes an advertisement m...