The concept of the self is multifaceted and complex: it includes various attributes or domains that define the self (I am a hus­ band, I am an academic, I am a basketball fan), as well as various temporal dimensions (who I was in the past, who I am today, who I would like to be in the future). The notion that people have different self states has been described by theorists for more than a cent...

The current paper investigates the phenomenological aspects of “selves” in relation to autonomous agents. Through a review of a series of neuro-robotics experiments conducted by the author’s group, we elucidate three different aspects of “selves”, namely, minimal selves, social selves and self-referential selves. Upon integrative discussions of these “selves”, it is suggested that genuine const...

Although Gardner and his associates’ work was most influential in the field of L2 motivation, from the early 1990s onwards, their work has been criticized for several reasons. Some researchers claimed that integrative and instrumental orientations were no longer able to convey the complexity of the L2 motivation construct. To examine this complexity, the present study attempted to investigate t...

This research explores how well L2 motivational self systems explain language learning motivation of university students in the Turkish context. To this end, data were collected from 668 a state Turkey using 51-item questionnaire and semi-structured interviews mixed methods research. The both interview indicate an overwhelming impact experience on learners’ to learn English as foreign opposed t...

We explored the content of possible selves of low-income mothers and the strategies they have to work on their possible selves. Positive, expected possible selves focused on getting a job, making ends meet and caregiving. Negative, to-be-avoided possible selves focused on failing to make ends meet, losing (or not getting) jobs, and problems with mental health. Immediate social context, rather t...

L2 motivation research has a longstanding monolingual bias. Recently, however, the motivational systems of a multilingual’s different languages have been conceptualized as constituting a multilingual motivational system, and it has been suggested that interactions between the ideal Lx self and the ideal Ly self can lead to the emergence of an ideal multilingual self. While the notion of an idea...