the data obtained from field and geothermometric studies and also the ree composition of fluorites associated with lead mineralization at the kamar-mehdi mine are compatible with a structurally controlled, fissure filling, epigenetic, hydrothermal origin. homogenization and last ice melting temperatures for primary fluid inclusions trapped in fluorite crystals indicate that the mineralization o...

The effect of water ice formation temperature and rate of ice deposition on a cold plate on the amount of trapped argon (equivalent to CO), and the ratios of Ar/Kr/Xe trapped in the water ice were studied at 50, 27 and 22 K and at ice formation rates ranging over four orders of magnitude, from 10 1 to 10 5 m min . Contrary to our previous conclusions that cometary ices were formed at 50–60 K, w...

Despite widespread discussion, the role of van der Waals dispersion forces in wetting remains unclear. Here we show that nonlocal correlations contribute substantially to the water-metal bond and that this is an important factor in governing the relative stabilities of wetting layers and 3D bulk ice. Because of the greater polarizability of the substrate metal atoms, nonlocal correlations betwe...

The melting temperature of ice I(h) for several commonly used models of water (SPC, SPC/E,TIP3P,TIP4P, TIP4P/Ew, and TIP5P) is obtained from computer simulations at p = 1 bar. Since the melting temperature of ice I(h) for the TIP4P model is now known [E. Sanz, C. Vega, J. L. F. Abascal, and L. G. MacDowell, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 255701 (2004)], it is possible to use the Gibbs-Duhem methodology [...

The subjects of heat transfer and cooling system are very important topics in the Internal Combustion Engines (ICE). In modern cooling systems, low weight, small size and high compactness are the critical designing criteria that requires heat transfer enhancement. Boiling phenomenon which is occurred in the water jacket of the ICE is one of the methods to increase heat transfer in the coolant s...

Spaceborne microwave remote sensing of precipitation at higher latitudes is investigated using an integrated observational and modeling approach. An ice particle model database containing microwave properties of twenty-five ice habits is developed and serves as the centerpiece of both a radar-based snowfall retrieval scheme and a combined active/passive modeling system. Equivalent radar reflect...

Small, stagnating ice caps at high latitudes are particularly sensitive to climatic fluctuations, especially with regard to changes in ablation season temperature. We conducted mass balance measurements and GPS area surveys on four small High Arctic plateau ice caps from 1999–2002. We compared these measurements with topographic maps and aerial photography from 1959, and with previously publish...

A simple statistical model for ice is presented, based on a point charge model for H2O. To simulate this model, a Monte Carlo algorithm is constructed that samples proton configurations according to the Boltzmann distribution. The ground state of the model is numerically found to be an ordered nonferroelectric state with a unit cell of eight water molecules. The same structure has been previous...