Consideration of the Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics variations of solar modules with temperature and irradiations variations is basic for maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Having a simple and accurate mathematical model for the optimize utilization of the solar modules is essential. In this paper, a novel modeling of photovoltaic systems with novel coefficients is proposed for mathema...

A new concept of pre-semicompact L -subsets is introduced, where L is a fuzzy lattice. The pre-semicompact L -subset is semi-precompact, hence it is also semicompact and strongly compact. It is described with collection of pre-semiclosed L -subset, constant α -net and α -level filter base. It is a good L -extension; it is hereditary for pre-semiclosed L -subset; it is finitely additive; it is i...

consideration of the current-voltage (i-v) characteristics variations of solar modules with temperature and irradiations variations is basic for maximum power point tracking (mppt). having a simple and accurate mathematical model for the optimize utilization of the solar modules is essential. in this paper, a novel modeling of photovoltaic systems with novel coefficients is proposed for mathema...

Let $R$ be a commutative ring and let $I$ be an ideal of $R$. In this paper, we will introduce the notions of 2-absorbing $I$-prime and 2-absorbing $I$-second submodules of an $R$-module $M$ as a generalization of 2-absorbing and strongly 2-absorbing second submodules of $M$ and explore some basic properties of these classes of modules.

A subset A of a space X is called regular open if A = IntA, and regular closed if X\A is regular open, or equivalently, if A= IntA. A is called semiopen [16] (resp., preopen [17], semi-preopen [3], b-open [4]) ifA⊂ IntA (resp.,A⊂ IntA,A⊂ IntA ,A⊂ IntA∪ IntA). The concept of a preopen set was introduced in [6] where the term locally dense was used and the concept of a semi-preopen set was introd...

NMDA receptors are tetrameric ligand-gated ion channels. In the continuous presence of saturating agonists, NMDA receptors undergo stationary gating, in which the channel stochastically switches between an open state that permits ion conductance and a closed state that prevents permeation. The ligand-binding domains (LBDs) of the four subunits are expected to have closed clefts in the channel-o...

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity and $M$ be a unitary $R$-module. An $R$-module $M$ is called a multiplication module if for every submodule $N$ of $M$ there exists an ideal $I$ of $R$ such that $N = IM$. It is shown that over a Noetherian domain $R$ with dim$(R)leq 1$, multiplication modules are precisely cyclic or isomorphic to an invertible ideal of $R$. Moreover, we give a charac...

let $r$ be an arbitrary ring with identity and $m$ a right $r$-module with $s=$ end$_r(m)$. the module $m$ is called {it rickart} if for any $fin s$, $r_m(f)=se$ for some $e^2=ein s$. we prove that some results of principally projective rings and baer modules can be extended to rickart modules for this general settings.