background: the study of the association between genotype and phenotype is of great importance for the prediction of many diseases and pathophysiological conditions. the relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) gene insertion/ deletion (i/d) polymorphism and pathological processes such as coronary artery disease (cad) has been investigated previously with discordant results. thi...

introduction: mucopolysaccharidosis i (mps-i) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage diseases, caused by α-l-iduronidase (idua) enzyme deficiency. the clinical manifestations of mps-i patients are variable ranging from severe to mild, and therefore prediction of disease severity is difficult. from when idua gene has been cloned more than 109 distinct mutations have been identified in it an...

background: parathyroid hormone (pth) secreted by parathyroid glands regulates the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus in bone and kidney. thereby, it can stimulate bone formation, and is a promising agent in the treatment of osteoporosis. mature form of pth consists of 84 amino acids; however, the first 34 residues of pth cover the majority of hormonal action. methods: in this study, the fusi...

background: fasciola hepatica and f. gigantica are the causative agents of fasciolosis in domestic animals and humans. based on the morphometric criteria, differential diagnosis between them is problematic. in addition, intermediate forms of fasciola have been found in iran, which makes the differentiation more difficult. the aim of the present study was to provide molecular evidence for the ex...

the underlying mechanisms leading to the development of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (ham/tsp) in htlv-i infected individuals are not fully understood. host genetic factors appear to be involved as risk factors for developing ham/tsp. we investigated the possible contribution of interleukin-10 (il-10) as a risk factor to ham/...

objective: bipolar i disorder is a common disorder with a complex etiology. a genetic approach is gaining increasing importance in this disorder. the dysbindin gene, located at 6p22.3 is considered a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. certain genotypes of dysbindin are thought to be associated with other psychoses such as bipolar disorders. this study intends to assess the association in pr...

Introduction Genetic background has known to be associated with the outcome of human T cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type I infection. In The present study we investigate the association between GM-CSF gene polymorphisms with the outcome of HTLV-I infection. Materials and Methods We analyzed 3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the promter region of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating...