introduction: previous studies have shown that stimulation of lateral hypothalamus (lh) produces antinociception. orexin-a (oxa) receptor is strongly expressed in the nucleus locus coeruleus (lc) and orexinergic fibers densely project from lh to lc. in this study, we assessed the role of lc and its oxa receptors in antinociceptive response induced by lh chemical stimulation in the rat. methods:...

The hypothalamus is commonly believed to play only a subordinated role in schizophrenia. The present review attempts at condensing findings of the last two decades showing that hypothalamus is involved in many pathways found disturbed in schizophrenia (hypothalamus-pituitaryaxis, hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis, hypothalamus-pituitarygonadal axis, metabolic syndrome, sleep-wakefulness cycle...

introduction: the septal region is part of the telencephalon and is a component of the limbic system. the lateral septal area (ls); largest nuclear mass in this region, plays a pivotal role in various physiological processes, such as aggression, emotion, thermoregulation, water and food intake and sexual behaviour. to support the functional analysis of this brain area in the rat, the sources of...

Using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as a model, we aimed to obtain information about the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) amino acid sensing capacity and hormone production along regions of GIT, in response proline (Pro), solution free acids (FAA) mimicking composition fishmeal (FM) aqueous extract (FM-FAA), or whole FM (FM-AQE). In addition, evaluated central responses (in hypothalamus) mech...

Models of the effects of disturbance on ecological communities have largely considered communities of competing species at a single trophic level. In contrast, most real communities have multiple interacting trophic levels. I explored several versions of simple single- and multitrophic models to determine whether predictions of the intermediate disturbance hypothesis (IDH), derived from conside...

objective: orexin is a hypothalamic orexigenic neuropeptide, which third cerebral injection of it mainly exerts inhibitory effects on reproductive functions. it increases significantly the aromatase (cyp19) gene expression in the hypothalamus of male rats. aromatase is an enzyme which converts androgens to estradiol in the hypothalamus of rats. prenatal or neonatal exposure of females to testos...

The N(6)-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA)-induced hypothermia in Syrian hamsters was characterized as follows: intracerebroventricular injection of CHA-induced hypothermia and the potency was increased by lowering the ambient temperature. CHA microinjection into the anterior hypothalamus (AH) elicited the most marked body temperature (T(b)) decrease compared with other regions such as the preoptic are...

The study of interactions between neuroendocrinology and immunology, or immunoendocrinology, is a recent field with the majority its development in last 30 years that involves communication nervous, endocrine, immune systems. Homeostasis, development, aging, metabolism, infection, inflammation are all influenced by cross talk these systems via hormones, cytokines, neurotransmitters. nervous sys...

Computational models suggest that features of intermediate complexity (IC) play a central role in object categorization [Ullman, S., Vidal-Naquet, M., & Sali, E. (2002). Visual features of intermediate complexity and their use in classification. Nature Neuroscience, 5, 682-687.]. The critical aspect of these features is the amount of mutual information (MI) they deliver. We examined the relatio...

Living organisms contain a variety of endogenous peptides that function as significant regulators many biological processes. Endogenous are typically analyzed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). However, due to the low efficiency peptide extraction and abundance in single animal, LC-MS–based peptidomics studies have not facilitated an understanding individual differences tiss...