BACKGROUND The level of frailty in the older population across age cohorts and how this changes is a factor in determining future care costs and may also influence the extent of socioeconomic and gender inequalities in frailty. METHODS We model cohort-specific trajectories in frailty among the community dwelling population older than 50 years, using five waves (2002-2010) of the English Longi...

Whereas the feasibility and effectiveness of Internet-based epidemiologic research have been established, methodological support for the quality of such data is still accumulating. We aimed to identify sociodemographic differences among members of a French cohort according to willingness to provide part of one's 15-digit national identification number (personal Social Security number (PSSN)) an...

objective: depressed coronary artery disease (cad) patients may experience a poorer prognosis than non-depressed patients. the aim of this study was to find the associated factors for depressive symptoms in young adults with cad. method: this was a cross-sectional study within tehran heart center's premature coronary atherosclerosis cohort (thc-pac) study. young adult cad patients (men ≤ 45 yea...

OBJECTIVES Prior work has examined the shape of the income-mortality association, but work has not compared gradients between countries. In this study, we focus on changes over time in the shape of income-mortality gradients for 4 Nordic countries during a period of rising income inequality. Context and time differentials in shape imply that the relationship between income and mortality is not ...

BACKGROUND An association between lower IQ of parents, measured early in life, and smoking among their offspring has been reported. The extent to which other background factors account for this association is unknown. METHODS Data on IQ, smoking, mental health, social class, parental divorce and social problems in a cohort of men born during 1949-1951 and conscripted for military service in 1...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether there are differences in the social gradient of parent-reported and teacher-reported child psychological well-being. DESIGN Secondary data analysis comparing ratings of child psychological well-being (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ) in the UK Millennium Cohort Study at 7 years by socioeconomic circumstances (SEC). A number of measures of SEC were ...

Cohort studies are often enriched for a primary exposure of interest to improve cost-effectiveness, which presents analytical challenges not commonly discussed in epidemiology. In this paper, we use causal diagrams to represent exposure-enriched cohort studies, illustrate a scenario wherein the risk ratio for the effect of a secondary exposure on an outcome is biased, and propose an analytical ...

OBJECTIVE There have been concerns about impacts of various aspects of taking part in research studies for a century. The concerns have not, however, been sufficiently well conceptualized to form traditions of study capable of defining and elaborating the nature of these problems. In this article we present a new way of thinking about a set of issues attracting long-standing attention. STUDY ...

OBJECTIVES Early childhood poverty is associated with adult chronic diseases. The objectives of this study were to examine patterns of exposure to poverty during the first 10 years of life in the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD) cohort according to three measures of poverty and to explore family characteristics associated with different poverty exposures. METHOD Data fro...

conclusions the effect of diabetes mellitus on stroke was more significant than on ihd, and the effect of high ldl-c level was more significant on ihd than on stroke, other risk factors, including hypertension, have similar rrs for ihd and stroke. health care professionals need more training regarding the rrs of these risk factors in the iranian society, and health decision makers should consid...