It has been known for many years that the administration of large loads of sodium chloride, either orally (2) or by infusion of isotonic (3, 4) or hypertonic (5-10) saline produces a disturbance in acid-base equilibrium of the blood as evidenced by a fall in total carbon dioxide content of the plasma or implied by a fall in the difference between the concentrations of sodium and chloride in the...

An acute increase in plasma tonicity results in an adaptive increase in brain organic osmolyte content, but this process requires several days to occur. Slow reaccumulation of brain organic osmolytes may contribute to osmotic demyelination. It was investigated whether administration of intravenous myoinositol in rats could speed entry of the osmolyte into the brain. Two groups of animals were s...

T HAT most hypertensive patients excrete more water, sodium, and chloride than do normotensive patients when given sodium chloride has been well established since the studies of Farnsworth and Barker.1-3 They pointed out that during diuresis a higher percentage of filtered chloride is excreted by hypertensive individuals. Green, Wedell, Wald, and Learned4 found water and sodium excretion to be ...

T HAT most hypertensive patients excrete more water, sodium, and chloride than do normotensive patients when given sodium chloride has been well established since the studies of Farnsworth and Barker.1-3 They pointed out that during diuresis a higher percentage of filtered chloride is excreted by hypertensive individuals. Green, Wedell, Wald, and Learned4 found water and sodium excretion to be ...

Irrigating wounds with tap water does not increase colonisation, but controlled studies are required for further evidence. Microbial colonisation was assessed in skin wounds, before and after irrigation with tap water, and was compared with irrigation using 0·9% sodium chloride sterile solution. The study included 120 subjects with chronic, traumatic, vascular, pressure or neuropathic wounds. A...

1. The functional capacity of Henle’s loop was examined during hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic extracellular fluid volume expansion. To eliminate a possible role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the alteration of free water excretion, rats with congenital diabetes insipidus were used. The infusion of hypotonic saline resulted in a progressive rise in free water clearance (CHzo) throughout th...

Male Brown Norway rats aged 4 mo (young) and 20 mo (old) received a series of experimental challenges to body fluid homeostasis over approximately 3 mo. Water was available for drinking in some tests, and both water and 0.3 M NaCl were available in others. The series included three episodes of extracellular fluid depletion (i.e., furosemide + 20 h of sodium restriction), two tests involving int...

Infusions of hypertonic dextrose or NaCl solutions reduce resistance in several vascular beds of experimental animals. To study the response in man, 60 intrabrachial arterial jet infusions of hypertonic dextrose solution or hypertonic NaCl solution, each at 3 dose levels (1, 2, and 4 milliosmols/min), were made in 19 male student volunteers aged 21 to 29 years. Limb blood flow was measured by c...

Changes in plasma osmolarity, through central and peripheral osmoreceptors, activate the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) that modulates autonomic and neuroendocrine adjustments. The present study sought to determine the participation of MnPO in the cardiovascular recovery induced by hypertonic saline infusion (HSI) in rats submitted to hemorrhagic shock. The recordings of mean arterial pressure ...