Verbal irony plays an important role in how we communicate and express opinions about the world. While there exist many theories and empirical findings about how people use and understand verbal irony, there is to our knowledge no formal model of how people incorporate shared background knowledge and linguistic information to communicate ironically. Here we argue that a computational approach p...

The authors define a new defense mechanism, emotional hypochondriasis, that is hypothesized to be central to borderline psychopathology. The behavioral manifestation of this defense-the hyperbolic stance of the borderline patient-is also defined and related to the complex phenomenology of borderline personality disorder. Borderline patients are seen as making an active attempt to maintain a tol...

This paper investigates how individuals perceive hyperbole in victim statements. Despite being one of the most commonly used literary tropes, comprehension and cognition has been largely ignored psycholinguistics literature, despite detailed literature outlining emotional behaviour victims, use figurative language forensics literature. In present study, two experiments were undertaken. Experime...

The nature of energy metabolism in apicomplexan parasites has been closely investigated in the recent years. Studies in Plasmodium spp. and Toxoplasma gondii in particular have revealed that these parasites are able to employ enzymes in non-traditional ways, while utilizing multiple anaplerotic routes into a canonical tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to satisfy their energy requirements. Importan...

Figurative language is one of the literary devices used to enrich meaning literature work. The research problem this find figurative and its in novel “It Starts with Us”. This qualitative study. data collection taken from Us” by Collen Roover, published 2022. shows that there were five kinds simile, metaphor, personification, hyperbole, repetition. Out 86 data; 76 (86%) simile consisted using “...