The relationship between the hygienic habits of children who had typhoid fever (TF) who had recently begun attending school and their family group, is assessed. It is supposed that children, independently of their SES, acquired TF because of inadequate habits which facilitated the oral-fecal cycle. The sample was formed of 40 child-mother dyads: 20 of low SES (group A) and 20 of high SES (group...

The hygienic behavior of honey bees is based on a two-step process, including uncapping and removing diseased, dead, damaged, or parasitized brood inside the cell. We evaluated during periods of 1 h the time that hygienic and non-hygienic colonies of Africanized honey bees spend to detect, uncap and remove pin-killed brood using comb inserts with transparent walls placed in observation hives. W...

Honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies bred for hygienic behavior were tested in a large Þeld trial to determine if they were able to resist the parasitic mite Varroa destructor better than unselected colonies of “Starline” stock. Colonies bred for hygienic behavior are able to detect, uncap, and remove experimentally infested brood from the nest, although the extent to which the behavior actua...

The incidence of penile cancer varies worldwide, with the highest burden in some developing countries, particularly in Africa and South America. This indicates that environmental factors play an important role. Chronic papillomavirus infections have been identified with increasing frequency. Non-viral infections due to poor hygienic conditions are also established risk factors and this is under...

Honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies bred for hygienic behavior were tested in a large field trial to determine if they were able to resist the parasitic mite Varroa destructor better than unselected colonies of"Starline" stock. Colonies bred for hygienic behavior are able to detect, uncap, and remove experimentally infested brood from the nest, although the extent to which the behavior actua...

Two behaviors of honey bees, hygienic behavior and grooming, are mechanisms of defense against brood diseases and parasitic mites. Studies have shown that Apis mellifera colonies remove worker brood infested with Varroa jacobsoni mites from the nest (hygienic behavior), and groom the mites off other adult bees, but to a limited extent compared to the original host of V. jacobsoni, A. cerana. Re...

In East Africa, honey bees (Apis mellifera) provide critical pollination services and income for small-holder farmers and rural families. While honey bee populations in North America and Europe are in decline, little is known about the status of honey bee populations in Africa. We initiated a nationwide survey encompassing 24 locations across Kenya in 2010 to evaluate the numbers and sizes of h...

Quantified amounts of Ascosphaera apis spores, causative organism ofchalkbrood disease, were cultured in vitro after being treated withtricloroisocianuric acid (TCA) (Yukoluck 93% a.i) inside honeybee colonies.This gaseous substance is registered in several countries for the control ofchalkbrood, a invasive mycosis affecting honeybee larvae. TCA acts, on thespores that are p...

Findings are presented from an assessment of the impact of potable water supply, mother's literacy, toilet type, socioeconomic status, family size, housing, hygienic practices, and malnutrition upon the frequency of diarrheal episodes among children of low socioeconomic status living in the urban slums of East Delhi, India. The mothers of 450 consecutive children with acute diarrhea attending ...