Differential rotation occurs in conducting flows in accretion disks and planetary cores. In such systems, the magnetorotational instability can arise from coupling Lorentz and centrifugal forces to cause large radial angular momentum fluxes. We present the first experimental observation of the magnetorotational instability. Our system consists of liquid sodium between differentially rotating sp...

Normal variations in glomerular filtration induce proportional changes in proximal tubule Na+ reabsorption. This "glomerulotubular balance" derives from flow dependence of Na+ uptake across luminal cell membranes; however, the underlying physical mechanism is unknown. Our hypothesis is that flow-dependent reabsorption is an autoregulatory mechanism that is independent of neural and hormonal sys...

To investigate hydrodynamic performance of the end cover under different inclined angles, a series of 3-Dimensional geometric models of the end cover with different inclined angles were built by Creo. The maximum inclined angle is 32 degrees and the minimum is 6 degrees. Numerical simulations by solving the Navier-Stokes equation, coupled with the “k-ɛ” turbulence model, were carried out. At la...

Fish fast-starts are rapid events caused by the simultaneous onset of muscle activity along one side of the body. Spine curvature and the strain and electromyographic activity in white muscle were measured for fast-starts in the common carp Cyprinus carpio. The first bend of the fast-start was powered by muscle on the concave side: muscle fibres on this side were activated and began shortening ...

For analysis of the flow field of torque converter’s start operating performance, the paper established a mathematical model and simulated the numerical value of YJ series hydrodynamic torque converter. In view of the partial impact fluid and cavitation phenomenon in processes such as multiple flow area coupling algorithms the sliding mesh method cannot achieve the flow parameters real-time tra...

Using fully-resolved simulations, we investigate the torque experienced by a finite-length circular cylinder rotating steadily perpendicularly to its symmetry axis. The aspect ratio $\chi$, i.e. of length diameter, is varied from 1 15. In creeping-flow regime, employ slender-body theory derive expression up order 4 with respect small parameter $1/\ln(2\chi)$. Numerical results agree well corres...

Although small nematodes significantly impact human and animal health, agriculture, and ecology, little is known about the role of hydrodynamics in their life cycles. Using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model undulatory microswimmer, we have observed that animals are attracted to and swim along surfaces. The attraction to surfaces does not require mechanosensory neuron function. In d...