Palladium-catalyzed direct cross-coupling of aryl chlorides with a wide range of (hetero)aryl lithium compounds is reported. The use of Pd-PEPPSI-IPent or Pd2(dba)3/XPhos as the catalyst allows for the preparation of biaryl and heterobiaryl compounds in high yields under mild conditions (room temperature to 40 °C) with short reaction times.

Synthesis and utilization of a simple copper on iron catalyst in the coupling of aryl halides with thiols through disulfide intermediate is reported. The iron support of copper catalyst ensures reductive media for the coupling, allows easy removal of the metals by outer magnetic field and enables the recycling of the catalyst.

A conceptually new, simple and practical method for the syn-nucleophilic displacement of aryl and vinyl epoxides and aryl aziridines with (substituted) phenols, using aryl borates as activating nucleophiles under neutral conditions, is reported.

At present, petroleum hydrocarbon is one of the most serious Abstract: environmental problem. Oil spill occurring accidently in the ocean during transportation or other working places like refineries causes great threat to the flora and fauna existing nearby. Modern methods of remediation such as incineration, land filling, burning, etc. are expensive as well as their byproducts produced are of...

We designed and studied hydrocarbon model compounds by high-resolution noncontact atomic force microscopy. In addition to planar polycyclic aromatic moieties, these novel model compounds feature linear alkyl and cycloaliphatic motifs that exist in most hydrocarbon resources - particularly in petroleum asphaltenes and other petroleum fractions - or in lipids in biological samples. We demonstrate...

Biogenic hydrocarbons emitted by vegetation are important contributors to secondary organic aerosol (SOA), but the aerosol formation mechanisms are incompletely understood. In this study, the formation of aerosols and gas-phase products from the ozonolysis and photooxidation of a series of biogenic hydrocarbons (isoprene, 8 monoterpenes, 4 sesquiterpenes, and 3 oxygenated terpenes) are examined...

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) implemented a program to identify tailpipe emissions of criteria and air-toxic contaminants from in-use, light-duty low-emission vehicles (LEVs). EPA recruited 25 LEVs in 2002 and measured emissions on a chassis dynamometer using the cold-start urban dynamometer driving schedule of the Federal Test Procedure. The emissions measured included regulat...