We consider the problem of multihop broadcast over adaptively duty-cycled wireless sensor networks (WSNs) where neighborhood nodes are not simultaneously awake. We present Hybrid-cast, an asynchronous and multihop broadcasting protocol, which can be applied to low duty-cycling or quorum-based duty-cycling schedule where nodes send out a beacon message at the beginning of wakeup slots. Hybridcas...

Survivable MPLS technologies are crucial in ensuring reliable communication services. The fast reroute (FRR) mechanism has been standardized to achieve fast local repair of label switched paths (LSPs) in the event of link or node failures. We present a suite of hybrid protection schemes for MPLS networks that combine the well-known p-cycle method with FRR technology. Whereas with pure FRR backu...

Against a kind of parallel hybrid electric bus which is demonstrated in a city of China, a simulation model of the parallel hybrid powertrain system is established by referring to parameters of the demonstrating bus. Regarding the Chinese typical city bus driving cycle and the bus driving cycle of Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province as the driving cycles for the simulation, the fuel economy of t...

This paper presents an evaluation of battery requirements for hybrid and electric city buses. Technical specifications of recently developed lithium based batteries and vehicle simulation results are used as basis for the evaluation. The battery requirements are evaluated in terms of power and energy capacity, calendar and cycle life as well as costs. Conventional diesel, parallel and series hy...

In this study, the Al/Al2O3-SiC hybrid composite was produced by accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In the first and the second cycles, the particles were uniformly poured between the Al strips during each ARB cycle. In the subsequent cycles, ARB was repeated up to six cycles without adding the particles between the layers. After the total eight cycles, the particles were distributed uniformly wi...

Hybrid modeling provides an effective solution to cope with multiple time scales dynamics in systems biology. Among the applications of this method, one of the most important is the cell cycle regulation. The machinery of the cell cycle, leading to cell division and proliferation, combines slow growth, spatio-temporal re-organisation of the cell, and rapid changes of regulatory proteins concent...