During man’s relatively brief existence on this planet, he has relied on the bounty of its flora and fauna for his existence. He has harvested wildlife for food, clothing, shelter, medicines, beasts of burden, pets, and companionship. Over most of this period, this harvesting and exploitation had little impact on those resources. Human population was very low, and most animal and plant populati...

1st century A.D.: Celsius reported that swollen veins over the testis associated are with small testis. Mid-19th century: Inflammation of male and female reproductive organs was treated with ointments, douches and massages. 1881: Dr. Levy a German gynecologist performed a post coital test for an infertile couple and determined that the husband was sterile (no sperm on microscopic exam). Late 19...

Technically simple proofs are given of the HVZ theorem on the bottom of the essential spectrum of multiparticle systems and of Combes' result on completeness below the lowest three body threshold. The first proof is a variant of a proof of Enss and a decendent of Zhislin's original proof. Finally, we apply our methods to the bound state spectrum.

Emotional signals allow for the sharing of important information with conspecifics, for example to warn them of danger. Humans use a range of different cues to communicate to others how they feel, including facial, vocal, and gestural signals. Although much is known about facial expressions of emotion, less research has focused on affect in the voice. We compare British listeners to individuals...

The human ability to detect symmetry has been a topic of interest to psychologists and philosophers since the 19th century, yet surprisingly little is known about the neural basis of symmetry perception. In a recent fMRI study, Sasaki and colleagues begin to remedy this situation. By identifying the neural structures that respond to symmetry in both humans and macaques, the authors lay the grou...

In the final quarter of the 19th century, dissatisfaction with blood transfusion prompted a brief wave of enthusiasm for transfusion of milk as a blood substitute. Although transfusion of cow’s milk wm first attempted in Canada in 1854, this form of treatment achieved its greatest popularity in the United States between 1878 and 1880. During this interval, transfusion of milk from cows, goats a...

Abstract The Y chromosome–linked gene sex-determining region (SRY) is believed to be the master initiator of male sex determination in almost all eutherian mammals, functioning upregulate expression its direct target SRY-related HMG box–containing 9 (SOX9). XX maleness humans a rare syndrome with frequency 1 20,000–25,000 males. Approximately 90% these cases carry some amount chromosome sequenc...