statement of problem: various factors are involved in causing inflammation following root canal treatment. controlling these factors may relieve the related pain. one of these factors is extrusion of debris beyond the apex. although debris extrusion happens in all instrumentation techniques, researchers have declared that in coronal flaring technique, there is minimum debris extrusion. purpose:...

Introduction This study aimed to compare the incidence of dentinal crack formation by instrumentation with ProTaper Universal system (rotary, multi-file system), SafeSider (reciprocation movement, multi-file system) and Neolix (rotary, single-file system). Methods and Materials In this in vitro study, 60 freshly extracted mandibular first molars were randomly divided into three experimental g...

Aim The Self-Adjusting File (SAF) system has been recommended for use in permanent teeth since it offers more conservative and effective root-canal preparation when compared to traditional rotary systems. However, no study had evaluated the usage of SAF in primary teeth. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the use of SAF, K file (manual instrumentation) and Profile (traditional ro...

AIM To investigate the impact of sequential irrigation procedures on accumulated hard tissue debris (AHTD) levels in canal systems in mesial roots of human mandibular molars after instrumentation. METHODOLOGY Based on pre-scans in a micro-computed tomography (μCT) system, 20 extracted human mandibular molars with joining mesial root canals and an isthmus between these were selected. Canals we...

background: the purpose of this study was to compare the effi cacy of endovac irrigation system and side-vented closed ended needle (max-i probe) in removing smear layer from root canals at 1 mm and 3 mm from working length using protaper rotary instrumentation. materials and methods: a total of 50 freshly extracted maxillary central incisors were randomly divided into two groups after complete...