There is a need for easy, practical, reliable and robust techniques for the identification and classification of bacterial isolates to the species level as alternatives to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization. Here, we demonstrate that multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of housekeeping genes is a valuable alternative technique. An MLSA study of 10 housekeeping genes (atpD,...

restoring fucosylation. In the absence of fucose, the FX / mice display a profound neutrophilia. Part of this neutrophilia can be explained by loss of selectin ligands (Sialyl Lewis x contains fucose), but proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells suggests that myelopoiesis is being stimulated. Zhou and coworkers have now examined the proliferation of myeloid lineages in FX / mice and attribute...

Analysis of RNA expression using techniques like real-time PCR has traditionally used reference or housekeeping genes to control for error between samples. This practice is being questioned as it becomes increasingly clear that some housekeeping genes may vary considerably in certain biological samples. We used real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) to assess the levels of 13 housekeeping...

BACKGROUND Contaminated environmental surfaces may play an important role in transmission of some healthcare-associated pathogens. In this study, we assessed the adequacy of cleaning practices in rooms of patients with Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) colonization or infection and examined whether an intervention would result in improv...

this study investigates the effect of women's employment on family and social relations in the city of aran & bidgol. the theoretical framework of research is role conflict theory. survey methods is used in this study and the statistical population included all women working in the city of aran & bidgol. using cochran's formula and simple random sampling, 250 married women were select...

Gene expression analysis using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is a very sensitive technique and its sensitivity depends on the stable performance of reference gene(s) used in the study. A number of housekeeping genes have been used in various expression studies in many crops however, their expression were found to be inconsistent under different stress conditions. As a result, species spe...