Examples of immunological reactions to arthropod parasites include responses by hosts to the following stimuli: excretory and secretory antigens produced by myiasis-producing larvae or skin-dwelling (mange) mites salivary antigens of blood-sucking arthropods. In many cases, these are hypersensitivity reactions, which often appear not to produce very deleterious effects on the parasites. However...

anthocoris nemoralis (f.) (hemiptera: anthocoridae) is one of the most prominent predators of the pear psylla, cacopsylla pyricola (forster) (hemiptera: psyllidae) and is considered as a biological control agent against this pest. in order to investigate the effects of plant varieties on predation of c. pyricola by a. nemoralis, the functional response of both the sexes of a. nemoralis to pear ...

charcoal rot, caused by macrophomina phaseolina, is one of the most important diseases of sunflower in golestan province. host resistance may be the only feasible method to manage this disease. accordingly, the resistance of 18 varieties of common recommendations for the region in the form of a randomized complete block design (rcbd) against isolates of m. phaseolina was assessed. statistical a...

Major advances in genetic epidemiological methodologies have helped in understanding the role of host genetic factors in susceptibility / resistance to infectious diseases. Recent human genome mapping information and the identification of a large number of candidate genes provide the tools for such studies. In the present article we review the implications of host genetic factors in infectious ...

Maize (Zea mays) production in sub-Saharan Africa is constantly threatened by the potential outbreak of multiple foliar diseases such as maize streak, northern leaf blight, gray leaf spot, and rust. Improvement of host resistance to these diseases can provide an important component of integrated pest management (IPM). In this paper, conventional and molecular marker-assisted breeding approaches...

The immune system consists of a vast network of lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells, communicating via messenger molecules to create a functional immune system to protect against disease. This network, while interconnected via mediator molecules, contains compartmentalized units especially equipped to defend against insults to the integrity of the immune system. The pulmonary immune system is an exa...