introduction: hydatid cyst disease is caused by the protoscolices of echinococcus granulosus. alkaline phosphatase (alp) enzyme is required for metabolism, physiology, immunology, and nutrients absorption in parasite. the aim of this study was to compare the level of alp activity (as a pathological biomarker) in hydatid cyst protoscolices (hcp) with that of sheep liver tissue and to determine t...

Co-purification of a subset of host cell proteins (HCPs) with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) during the capture of mAbs on Protein A affinity chromatography is primarily caused by interactions of HCPs with the mAbs. To date, there is limited information about the identity of those HCPs due to the difficulty in detecting low abundance HCPs in the presence of a large amount of the mAb. Here, an app...

Fc fusion proteins are used as therapeutic agents with unique structures by combining the domain of an antibody other active proteins, cytokines, and enzymes. Peptide Fc-fusion complex molecules that possess a structure different from monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) difficult to express, thereby affecting their quality. Many product/process-related impurities generated during production peptide po...

Successful pathogens must be able to protect themselves against reactive nitrogen species generated either as part of host defense mechanisms or as products of their own metabolism. The regulatory protein NsrR (a member of the Rrf2 family of transcription factors) plays key roles in this stress response. Microarray analysis revealed that NsrR represses nine operons encoding 20 genes in Escheric...

BACKGROUND Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7, the causative agent of hemorrhagic colitis and the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), produces long bundles of type IV pili (TFP) called hemorrhagic coli pili (HCP). HCP are capable of mediating several phenomena associated with pathogenicity: i) adherence to human and bovine epithelial cells; ii) invasion of epithelial cells; iii) hem...

T he transport of proteins across the bacterial cell membrane is a fundamental process carried out by all groups of Gramnegative bacteria. Especially in the case of pathogenic bacteria, transport systems are used at a number of different steps in the bacterial infection pathway, such as in the export of toxins, cell adhesion, and direct penetration of effectors into the host cell. There are at ...

Background Recombinant therapeutic proteins are usually produced by cell culture technology using genetically modified host cell lines. During the manufacturing process, a mixture of the protein of interest and host cell derived impurities, including host cell proteins (HCPs) and other process related impurities are produced. Those process related impurities will be cleared or minimized though ...

The family of Helicobacter cysteine-rich proteins (Hcp) constitutes one of the largest protein families that are specific for proteobacteria from the delta/epsilon subgroup. Most of the proteins belonging to this family have so far only been recognized on the genome level. To investigate the expression of Hcp proteins in vivo we analyzed titers of antibody against HcpA (HP0211), HcpB (HP0336), ...

Recombinant human Acid Alpha Glucosidase (GAA) is the therapeutic enzyme used for the treatment of Pompe disease, a rare genetic disorder characterized by GAA deficiency in the cell lysosomes (Raben et al., Curr Mol Med. 2002; 2:145-166). The manufacturing process for GAA can be challenging, in part due to protease degradation. The overall goal of this study was to understand the effects of GAA...

In recent years, the number of recombinant proteins used for therapeutic applications and industry has increased dramatically. Recombinant proteins are produced in many host organisms (microbial, insect, plant and mammalian cells). There are many factors to consider when choosing the optimal system for protein expression and purification including the mass, purity or solubility of the recombina...