Background DaVinci presentation is a physician friendly picture of scoliotic spine seen from the cephalad side in the horizontal plane. This presentation is complementary to the standard view of the spine in two planes: frontal (anterior-posterior) and sagittal (lateral). DaVinci presentation can be obtained by using a few techniques which allow for three-dimensional reconstructions: CT, MRI, E...

Spectral shade ratios, defined as the ratios of the spectral irradiances on horizontal and sun normal planes in the tree shade to those on a horizontal plane in sunlight, were calculated. These planes were in the shade of an isolated medium canopy density tree and a sparse canopy density tree at the tree shade sites of the centre, edge and trunk. The sun normal plane was employed as there are s...

The spectral shade ratios defined as the ratios of the spectral irradiances on horizontal and sun normal planes in the tree shade to those on a horizontal plane in sunlight were calculated. These planes were in the shade of an isolated medium canopy density tree and a sparse canopy density tree at the tree shade sites of the centre, edge and trunk. The sun normal plane was employed as there are...

BACKGROUND In order for measurements to be clinically useful, data on psychometric conditions such as reliability should be available in the population for which the measurements are intended to be used. This study comprises a test-retest design separated by 7 to 14 days, and evaluates the intra and interrater reliability of regional frontal and horizontal spinal motion in 219 chronic LBP patie...

The critical maturation time of central otolith neurons in processing spatial orientations was examined in Sprague-Dawley rats. With the use of immuno-hybridization histochemical methods, we observed c-fos expression in vestibular nuclear neurons responding to transverse movement on the horizontal plane as early as P7 and those to antero-posterior stimulation as early as P9. In the inferior oli...

BACKGROUND In general, measurements of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation are related to horizontal surfaces. While the humans walking and standing outdoors expose to the natural solar UV radiation, their eyes, cheeks, extremities, trunks, or many other anatomical sites are close to vertical plane and random orient to different directions. In this study, we characterized the diurnal variations in...

background and aim: the video head-impulse test (vhit) measures the vestibulo-ocular reflex (vor) driven by each semicircular canal, follo­wing high-acceleration head rotations. the main measurable response is the ratio of eye mov­ement velocity to the angular head velocity, which reflects canal function. although norma­tive data is available for vor gain, most studies only report horizontal vo...