From-region visibility culling is considered significantly harder than from-point visibility culling, since it is inherently 4dimensional. We present a conservative occlusion culling method based on factorizing the 4D visibility problem into horizontal and vertical components. The visibility of the two components is solved asymmetrically: the horizontal component is based on a novel parameteriz...

We present a fast conservative from-region visibility method capable of handling 3D models using arbitrary 3D triangles as occluders. The from-region visibility problem is considered significantly harder than the from-point visibility problem, since it is inherently 4-dimensional. Our occlusion culling method is based on factorizing the 4D visibility problem into horizontal and vertical compone...

A number of pathogens may be transmitted from parent to child at or before birth (vertically) or from one individual to another by contact (horizontally). A natural deterministic and non-spatial model, introduced by Lipsitch et al. [Proc. Roy. Soc. London Ser. B 260 (1995) 321] shows that an epidemic is possible if the vertical transmission or the horizontal transmission is high enough. In cont...

an extended octagonal ring (eor) transducer was designed and developed to measure forces inside the compression chamber of a large square baler in different directions. the transducer was calibrated by applying forces in three directions simultaneously and independently. the sensor revealed excellent linearity along with small cross sensitivities. horizontal and vertical primary sensitivities o...

This paper analyses the impact of sanctions against Iran in addition to other country-specific determinants on intra-industry trade between Iran and Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) countries over the period 1997-2013. By disentangling total intra-industry trade (IIT) into horizontal and vertical IIT and after investigating bilateral trade pattern between Iran and SCO countries, determin...

This paper attempts to detect the existence of links in consumption preferences between generations. Preferences for consumption goods may be determined by the preferences of parents (vertical transmission) and/or by preferences arising from the environment (horizontal transmission). We propose an indirect methodology to overcome the lack of data on consumption choices of dynasties, i.e., paren...

The spatial expressions of egalitarian and hierarchical political relations, respectively along the horizontal vertical axis, are visually illustrated in a broad cross-cultural perspective. dichotomy between los de abajo (those below) arriba above) is explored contemporary Venezuelan politics, using ethnographic visual evidence. socialist party, which presents itself as representative , has bee...

This paper presents, a hybrid method, low-resolution and high-resolution, for Persian page segmentation. In the low-resolution page segmentation, a pyramidal image structure is constructed for multiscale analysis and segments document image to a set of regions. By high-resolution page segmentation, by connected components analysis, each region is segmented to homogeneous regions and identifyi...