Horizontal gene transfer has been increasingly documented between eukaryotes, but a new study suggests a much larger role for horizontal gene transfer in physiological adaption through the transfer of photosynthetic pathway genes.

To some extent, the genetic theory of adaptive evolution in bacteria is a simple extension of that developed for sexually reproducing eukaryotes. In other, fundamental ways, the process of adaptive evolution in bacteria is quantitatively and qualitatively different from that of organisms for which recombination is an integral part of the reproduction process. In this speculative and opinionated...

L. Samal1; TA. Stavroudis2; RE. Miller3; HP. Lehmann4; CU. Lehmann5,* 1Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brighman and Women's Hospital; 2Division of Newborn and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles; 3Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 4Division of Health Sciences Informatics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 5Divi...

Hybrid evolution and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) are processes where evolutionary relationships may more accurately be described by a reticulated network than by a tree. In such a network, there will often be several paths between any two extant species, reflecting the possible pathways that genetic material may have been passed down from a common ancestor to these species. These paths will ...

Luminosity horizontal cells in the turtle retina respond approximately linearly to visual stimuli with contrast levels spanning a large part of the physiological range. We characterized the response properties of these cells under conditions of low photopic background illumination by measuring their spatial and temporal frequency transfer functions. Our experimental results indicate in two ways...

for detecting the crowding of texture are both at play. Disentangling the two will be an interesting challenge. One promising line, as Durgin [8] suggests, will be to look for dissociations between number and texture perception. Manuela Piazza, Stanislas Dehaene and Marco Zorzi (personal communication) have shown that dyscalculic individuals have higher Weber fraction for number discrimination ...

Providing an appropriate definition of a horizontal subbundle of a Lie algebroid will lead to construction of a better framework on Lie algebriods. In this paper, we give a new and natural definition of a horizontal subbundle using the prolongation of a Lie algebroid and then we show that any linear connection on a Lie algebroid generates a horizontal subbundle and vice versa. The same correspo...

In the last decade, the use of phylogenetic networks to analyze the evolution of species whose past is likely to include reticulation events, such as horizontal gene transfer or hybridization, has gained popularity among evolutionary biologists. Nevertheless, the evolution of a particular gene can generally be described without reticulation events and therefore be represented by a phylogenetic ...

About half of the monophasic horizontal cells in carp retina receive input from both red- and green-sensitive cones. Since the horizontal cells feed back to cones, the color and feedback pathways result in wavelength- and intensity-dependent changes of the dynamics and of the receptive field amplitude profile of the horizontal cell responses. In this paper we present a quantitative model that d...