Homogeneous gold catalysts are interesting as they can act as potent carbophilic Lewis acids to activate the π bonds of alkynes, allenes, and alkenes. Many impressive applications for the formation of C-C or C-heteroatom bonds have been found due to the excellent functional group compatibility of these catalysts and the air and moisture tolerance of their reactions. Here, we have developed gold...

We present a new technique for choosing spatial regions for X-ray spectroscopy, called " contour binning ". The method chooses regions by following contours on a smoothed image of the object. In addition we re-explore a simple method for adaptively smoothing X-ray images according to the local count rate, we term " accumulative smoothing " , which is a generalisation of the method used by FADAP...

Chondrocytes are the living cells in articular cartilage (AC). They synthesize and maintain the extracellular matrix. Their activity is regulated by the interplay of genetic and environmental factors, such as soluble mediators, extracellular matrix composition, and mechanical factors. The mechanical environment of the chondrocytes has a significant influence on the health of the joint. In past ...

In the present paper, an asymptotic model is constructed for the short-time deformation of an articular cartilage layer modeled as transversely isotropic, transversely homogeneous (TITH) biphasic material. It is assumed that the layer thickness is relatively small compared with the characteristic size of the normal surface load applied to the upper surface of the cartilage layer, while the bott...

BACKGROUND Based on Bowlby's attachment theory, Bartholomew proposed a four-category attachment typology by which individuals judged themselves and adult relationships. This explanatory model has since been used to help explain the risk of psychiatric comorbidity. OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to identify attachment typologies based on Bartholomew's attachment styles in a sample of bereav...

The Lotka-Volterra equations represent a simple nonlinear model for the dynamic interaction between two biological species in which one species (the predator) benefits at the expense of the other (the prey). With a change in signs, the same model can apply to two species that compete for resources or that symbiotically interact. However, the model is not structurally stable, since persistent ti...

based on how formal a conversation is, how much familiar the speaker and the listeners are with each other and how distant is the speaker's social status from the listener's one, the speaker uses certain forms of language known as styles of language. linguistic styles are different from language varieties. selection of the styles depends on definite social situations and the kind of r...