EphA2 overexpression has been reported in many cancers and is believed to play an important role in tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. We show that the activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the cancer-specific constitutively active EGFR type III deletion mutant (EGFRvIII) induce the expression of EphA2 in mammalian cell lines, including the human cancer cell lines A431 and HN5. ...

Current cancer treatments of solid tumours such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, have yet to produce effective therapeutic results due to non-specific targeting. This has led to many complications, such as toxicities in cancer patients. The ability of natural compounds in inducing programmed cell death (apoptosis), a process dysregulated in cancer cells, has been extensively studied in recent ...

Proteomic mapping of cell surfaces is an invaluable tool for drug development and clinical diagnostics. This work describes a new ‘snapshot imprinting’ method designed to obtain proteomic maps surfaces, with the aim identifying surface markers epitopes diagnostic therapeutic applications. The analysis two cancer lines, HN5 MDA-MB-468, described herein as proof concept, along selective targeting...

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common oral malignancy with high rate of mortality. Cisplatin, as effective chemotherapy drug, has side effects. Considering studies on use crocin in saffron treatment various malignancies, this study aimed at investigating effects and cisplatin their combination SCC fibroblast lines. Materials Methods: In interventional study, HN5 lines wer...

Photochemical internalisation (PCI) is a site-specific technique for improving cellular delivery of macromolecular drugs. In this study, a cell penetrating peptide, containing the core HIV-1 Tat 48­ 57 sequence, conjugated with a porphyrin photosensitiser has been shown to be effective for PCI. Herein we report an investigation of the photophysical and photobiological properties of a water solu...

Podoplanin (PDPN) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that plays crucial roles in embryonic development, the immune response, and malignant progression. Here, we report that cells ectopically or endogenously expressing PDPN release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that contain PDPN mRNA and protein. PDPN incorporates into membrane shed microvesicles (MVs) and endosomal-derived exosomes (EXOs), where it...

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is closely associated with tumorigenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of MIF on the proliferation, migration and colony formation of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and to quantify the protein expression levels of MIF in OSCC tissue samples. Firstly, small interfering (si) RNA was used to knock down the gene expression of ...

Seeing the world around you is like drinking from a firehose. The flood of information that enters the eyes could easily overwhelm the capacity of the visual system. To solve this problem, a mechanism-attention-allows selective processing of the information relevant to current goals. As the eminent physiological psychologist Helmholtz [HN2], [HN3], [HN4] noted over a hundred years ago, even wit...

Insulin—a hormone critical for the control of blood glucose—is first synthesized as a longer prohormone. During its maturation, a peptide, C-peptide, is cleaved from the protein, but has been thought to be biologically inert. [HN2], [HN3] Defying the rule that peptide hormones act only by binding to stereospecific receptors, Ido et al. (1) report on page 563 of this issue that C-peptide not onl...