Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is an intestinal infectious disease caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV); manifestations of the disease are diarrhea, vomiting and dehydration. Starting from the end of 2010, a PED outbreak occurred in several pig-producing provinces in southern China. Subsequently, the disease spread throughout the country and caused enormous economic losses to the p...

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is an enteric disease in swine caused by an alphacoronavirus. It affects swine of all ages causing acute diarrhoea and can lead to severe dehydration and death in suckling piglets. Being recognized for the first time in Europe and Asia during the seventies and the eighties, respectively, it has remained a relevant cause of diarrhea outbreaks in Asia for years and...

temper of learning when men study words not matter; for words are but the images of matter, and, except they have life of reason and invention to fall in love with them, is all one as to fall in love with a picture." The great prophet of inductive philosophy has here touched the very core of the errors and vanities which gather round epidemiological research, and impede progress in the acquisit...

in this paper at rst, a history of mathematical models is given.next, some basic information about random variables, stochastic processesand markov chains is introduced. as follows, the entropy for a discrete timemarkov process is mentioned. after that, the entropy for sis stochastic modelsis computed, and it is proved that an epidemic will be disappeared after a longtime.

background: fascioliasis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases in iran and other parts of the world. although the largest epidemic of this disease has occurred in northern provinces of iran (guilan) during the past two decades and a few cases have also been reported in tehran and the other provinces, there has been no evidence of its’ occurrence in western provinces of iran such as kerman...

examination malpractice is any act carried out by anybody that defies the rules that guides a student whose knowledge or ability is being tested in a particular knowledge or skill with the aim of distorting the student’s true knowledge or ability. this article employs three classical major sociological perspectives in analyzing examination malpractice in nigerian universities. the structural-fu...

background: following the outbreak of eltor cholera in iraq’s kurdistan, iran was threatened through the western border. therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the health system response of marivan city in kurdistan province (iran) as a risky gateway for the outbreak of eltor cholera epidemic in iran. materials and methods: this cross-sectional study was implemented in marivan ...

Dr. J. F. J. Sykes, in his interesting " Public Health Problems pointed out that in the ancient world, flight was the only resort in the presence of epidemic disease, and that to this fact may be ascribed the depopulation, ruin, and disappearance of many cities of antiquity. Approaching more modern times, the spirit of combating rather than fleeling from infection appeared, and it assumed the f...