With the increasing number of documents that are available in digital form, also the number of digital historical documents is increasing (Berkvens, 2001). It cannot be assumed that standard IR systems perform well on historical documents: historical texts differ from modern texts in three ways (Hüning, 1996; Van Der Horst and Marschall, 1989): (a) vocabularies have changed, (b) spelling has ch...

In the research of historical Japanese documents, examination of kaou monograms plays a very important role for specifying the author’s identity and the genuineness of the document. This work aims to develop a kaou search/browsing system usable via World Wide Web (WWW), for aiding the research of historical documents. One of the requirements to the system is that the kaou images should be retri...

We offer the first direct evidence of an implicit contract in a goods market. The evidence we offer comes from the market for Coca-Cola. We demonstrate that the Coca-Cola Company left a substantial amount of written evidence of its implicit contract with its consumers—a very explicit form of an implicit contract. In general, observing implicit contracts directly is difficult because of their im...