The aim of this chapter is to investigate the line from the 19th century, through Frege’s works, to the appearance of the principle of compositionality in modern sciences. It is shown that contextuality and compositionality were discussed at the beginnings of the 19th century, but that contextuality was favoured. Also for Frege contextuality was the basic principle and he always obeyed it. Alth...

Historic preservation is good business. Through the use of the National Trust for Historic Preservation's research model, The Economic Benefits of Preserving Community Character: A Practical Methodology, the Historic Preservation Division of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources has explored the financial impact of preservation on three communities. The project was conducted with the coop...

Recent historic abundance is an elusive parameter of great importance for conserving endangered species and understanding the pre-anthropogenic state of the biosphere. The number of studies that have used population genetic theory to estimate recent historic abundance from contemporary levels of genetic diversity has grown rapidly over the last two decades. Such assessments often yield unexpect...

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Historic DNA data have the potential to identify phenotypic information otherwise invisible in the historical, archaeological and palaeontological record. In order to determine whether a single nucleotide polymorphism typing protocol based on single based extension (SNaPshot™) could produce reliable phenotypic data from historic samples, we genotyped three coat colour markers for a sample of hi...

During the 1940s a series of remarkable and radical planning documents were produced for many British cities, generally now collectively referred to as ‘reconstruction plans’. Universally these sought to introduce a highly interventionist, comprehensive planning, often with strong elements of ‘clean sweep’ reconstruction. This article considers two such plans, for the historic cities of Durham ...

After 1980s, the People’s Republic of China modernized rapidly, resulting in vast changes to the fabric of cities. At the same time, China developed more sophisticated urban planning practices and historic preservation regulation. In 1982, the government officially created the concept of “predominant historic and cultural city,” for cities that are considered to have very significant historic a...