This paper presents a monopolistic competition model of trade and multinational production that incorporates asymmetric trade barriers and international differences in production costs. The model predicts the functional form for the dependence of U.S. exports and multinational production on tariffs, distance, and production costs. To deal with simultaneity, we estimate the nonlinear equations o...

This work deals with the use of the conjugate gradient method in conjunction with an adjoint problem formulation for the simultaneous estimation of the spatially varying diffusion coefficient and of the source term distribution in a one-dimensional nonlinear diffusion problem. In the present approach, no a priori assumption is required regarding the functional form of the unknowns. This work ca...

the purpose of this reseach was to examine the influence of resin consumption gradient and press time on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard produced from citrus tree residues. four resin consumption gradients; 0, 2, 4 and 6% difference between surface and core layers (10-10%, 11-9%, 12-8% and 13-7%) and two press times of 4 and 5 minutes were applied and totally 24 laborato...

Inspired by the idea that threshold surface always intersects the image surface at high gradient points, an active surfacebased adaptive thresholding algorithm is proposed to get the binarized result. In this model, the external force is designed to be repulsive from the image surface, thus at the equilibrium state the active surface tends to cover the supporting points of high gradient with sm...

Calibration of scanners and cameras usually involves measuring the point spread function (PSF). When edge data is used to measure the PSF, the differentiation step amplifies the noise. A parametric fit of the functional form of the edge spread function (ESF) directly to the measured edge data is proposed to eliminate this. Experiments used to test this method show that the Cauchy functional for...

In this paper, the flexural free vibrations of three dimensional micro beams are investigated based on strain gradient theory. The most general form of the strain gradient theory which contains five higher-order material constants has been applied to the micro beam to take the small-scale effects into account. Having considered the Euler-Bernoulli beam model, governing equations of motion are w...

An appealing property of the natural gradient is that it is invariant to arbitrary differentiable reparameterizations of the model. However, this invariance property requires infinitesimal steps and is lost in practical implementations with small but finite step sizes. In this paper, we study invariance properties from a combined perspective of Riemannian geometry and numerical differential equ...