“Every Catholic Child in a Catholic School”: Historical Resistance to State Schooling, Contemporary Private Competition, and Student Achievement across Countries Nineteenth-Century Catholic doctrine strongly opposed state schooling. We show that countries with larger shares of Catholics in 1900 (but without a Catholic state religion) tend to have larger shares of privately operated schools even...

New forms of governing and managing public schools have proliferated in recent years, spawning the establishment and growth of companies that operate public schools under contract. Among these education management organizations, or EMOs, the largest and most visible is Edison Schools, Inc. In 2004–2005, Edison managed 103 public schools in 18 states and the District of Columbia, serving approxi...

Trends of School Effects on Student Achievement: Evidence from NLS:72, HSB:82, and NELS:92 The impact of schools on student achievement has been of great interest for the last four decades. This study examines trends of school effects on student achievement employing three national probability samples of high school seniors: NLS:72, HSB:82, and NELS:92. Hierarchical linear models are used to in...

INTRODUCTION We examined school and student characteristics associated with screen-time sedentary behavior. METHODS We analyzed data collected from 2,449 students in grades 5 through 8 who attended 30 elementary schools in Ontario, Canada. We used multilevel logistic regression to examine the student- and school-level factors associated with moderate and high screen-time sedentary behavior. ...

background: inattention to ergonomic factors will influence the students’ health and cause discomfort during their adulthood. objective: the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between ergonomic and environmental conditions of classrooms and pain sensation in students. methods: this cross-sectional study was carried out on 442 elementary students of zahedan city in 2007. the typ...